Fundamentals of Nursing Practice Questions 4/2025: Test Series Day 145

Ace NORCET & RRB 2025

Preparing for NORCET, RRB, KGMU, SGPGI, DSSSB, or JIPMER in 2025? Day 145 at logyanlo.in offers a comprehensive Fundamentals of Nursing Question Bank covering Acid-Base Balance, Specimen Collection, Positions, and Enema. These exam-focused points ensure you master essential concepts for Indian nursing exams!

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Why Fundamentals of Nursing Matters

Fundamentals of Nursing is vital for Indian nursing exams:

• Covers core skills like acid-base management and specimen handling.
• Tests knowledge of patient positioning and therapeutic procedures.
• Prepares you for foundational nursing roles.
  Our Test Series at logyanlo.in ensures your 2025 success!

Key Topics in Fundamentals of Nursing

Acid-Base Balance

Quick Fact

Acid-base balance maintains body pH (7.35–7.45) for optimal physiological function.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Regulation of hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids via buffers, lungs, and kidneys.
• Types of Imbalances: Respiratory acidosis/alkalosis, metabolic acidosis/alkalosis.
• Causes: Respiratory acidosis (COPD, hypoventilation), metabolic alkalosis (vomiting, diuretic use).
• Assessment: Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis (pH, PaCO₂, HCO₃⁻); normal PaCO₂: 35–45 mmHg.
• Nursing Responsibilities: Monitor respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, administer IV fluids (e.g., sodium bicarbonate for acidosis).
• Compensatory Mechanisms: Kidneys excrete H⁺ (metabolic acidosis); lungs adjust ventilation (metabolic alkalosis).
• Indian Context: Common in rural ICUs due to respiratory infections, limited ABG access.
• Interventions: Oxygen therapy, correct electrolyte imbalances, monitor ABG results.
• Patient Education: Teach breathing exercises, report dyspnea or confusion.
• Complications: Arrhythmias, coma if untreated; monitor vitals closely.

Specimen Collection

Quick Fact

Specimen collection ensures accurate diagnosis through proper sample handling.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Obtaining body fluids/tissues (e.g., blood, urine, sputum) for diagnostic testing.
• Types: Blood (venipuncture), urine (clean-catch, 24-hour), stool, sputum, swabs.
• Procedure: Use sterile equipment, label specimens, follow aseptic technique.
• Nursing Responsibilities: Verify patient identity, explain procedure, ensure timely transport to lab.
• Urine Collection: Midstream urine for culture; 24-hour for creatinine clearance.
• Blood Collection: Use vacutainer, avoid hemolysis, check for clotting disorders.
• Indian Context: ANMs collect samples in PHCs; limited lab facilities in rural areas.
• Complications: Contamination, hemolysis, infection at puncture site.
• Patient Education: Fast for blood tests if required, avoid contamination.
• Documentation: Record specimen type, time, and patient condition.

Positions

Quick Fact

Patient positions promote comfort, prevent complications, and aid procedures.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Specific body alignments for treatment, examination, or recovery.
• Common Positions: Supine, prone, Fowler’s, Trendelenburg, lateral, Sims’.
• Indications: Fowler’s (respiratory distress), Trendelenburg (shock), Sims’ (rectal exams).
• Nursing Responsibilities: Ensure proper alignment, use pillows, check skin integrity.
• Procedure: Explain position to patient, assist with movement, monitor comfort.
• Complications: Pressure ulcers, nerve damage, respiratory compromise.
• Indian Context: Nurses in government hospitals use Fowler’s for TB patients.
• Contraindications: Avoid Trendelenburg in head injuries, prone in spinal issues.
• Patient Education: Teach repositioning schedules (every 2 hours) to prevent bedsores.
• Documentation: Record position changes, patient response, and skin assessment.

Enema

Quick Fact

Enema administration relieves constipation or prepares for diagnostic procedures.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Introduction of fluid into rectum to stimulate bowel movement or cleanse colon.
• Types: Cleansing (soap suds, saline), retention (oil-based), medicated (e.g., neomycin).
• Procedure: Use 500–1000 mL fluid, Sims’ position, lubricate catheter tip.
• Nursing Responsibilities: Explain procedure, ensure privacy, monitor fluid retention (5–10 minutes).
• Indications: Constipation, preoperative preparation, fecal impaction.
• Contraindications: Bowel obstruction, recent rectal surgery, severe hemorrhoids.
• Indian Context: Common in rural hospitals for constipation; limited enema kits.
• Complications: Rectal irritation, electrolyte imbalance, perforation.
• Patient Education: Teach fluid intake, report pain or bleeding post-enema.
• Documentation: Record fluid type, volume, patient response, and stool output.

Why logyanlo.in?

Our Test Series offers:

• Free NORCET & RRB 2025 question banks.
• Mobile-friendly fundamentals of nursing tools.
• Mock tests for KGMU, SGPGI, DSSSB, JIPMER.

Conclusion: Excel in 2025

Ace NORCET & RRB 2025 with Day 145 Fundamentals Question Bank at logyanlo.in. Master acid-base balance, specimen collection, positions, and enema for exam success! Boost your preparation with our Question Bank for more free practice.

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