Fundamentals of Nursing Practice Questions 6/2025: Day 161

Ace NORCET & RRB 2025

Preparing for NORCET, RRB, KGMU, SGPGI, DSSSB, or JIPMER in 2025? Day 161 at logyanlo.in offers a comprehensive Fundamentals of Nursing Question Bank covering NG Tube Feeding, Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN), CVP Line Care, Shock, Basics of Trauma, Glasgow Coma Scale, Abdominal Trauma, Thoracic Trauma, and Type of Wound. These exam-focused points ensure you master essential concepts for nursing exams. Dive into our Test Series to excel in your preparation!

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Why Fundamentals of Nursing Matters

Fundamentals of Nursing is vital for nursing exams:

• Covers critical areas like nutritional support, trauma care, and shock management.
• Tests knowledge of procedures like NG tube feeding, TPN, and CVP line care.
• Prepares you for foundational clinical skills in acute and critical care settings.
  Our Test Series at logyanlo.in ensures your 2025 success with targeted practice!

Key Topics in Fundamentals of Nursing

NG Tube Feeding

Quick Fact

NG tube feeding delivers nutrition directly to the stomach via a nasogastric tube.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Delivery of liquid nutrition through a nasogastric tube to the stomach.
• Indications: Dysphagia, unconsciousness, esophageal obstruction, post-surgical recovery.
• Types of Tubes: Levin (single lumen), Salem sump (double lumen for decompression).
• Placement: Inserted through nose to stomach; confirmed via X-ray or pH testing (<5.5).
• Complications: Aspiration, tube displacement, nasal irritation, pneumothorax (rare).
• Feeding Types: Bolus (intermittent, 200–400 mL), continuous (via pump, 20–60 mL/hr).
• Diagnostics: X-ray for placement, gastric residual volume check (<200 mL).
• Symptoms: Nausea, bloating, or discomfort if tube is clogged or misplaced.

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)

Quick Fact

TPN provides complete nutrition intravenously for patients unable to eat orally.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Intravenous delivery of nutrients (glucose, amino acids, lipids) bypassing GI tract.
• Indications: Bowel obstruction, short bowel syndrome, severe pancreatitis, malabsorption.
• Administration: Via central vein (e.g., PICC, subclavian); high osmolarity requires large vein.
• Components: Dextrose (10–50%), amino acids (4–10%), lipids (10–20%), electrolytes.
• Complications: Sepsis, hyperglycemia (>200 mg/dL), liver dysfunction, catheter thrombosis.
• Diagnostics: Blood glucose, liver function tests, electrolyte levels (e.g., potassium, magnesium).
• Monitoring: Daily weight, input/output, blood tests to prevent metabolic imbalances.
• Symptoms: Fever (infection), edema (fluid overload), or lethargy (electrolyte imbalance).

CVP Line Care

Quick Fact

Central venous pressure (CVP) lines measure right atrial pressure and deliver fluids.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Catheter in central vein (subclavian, jugular) to monitor CVP or administer fluids.
• Indications: Fluid resuscitation, TPN, long-term medication, hemodynamic monitoring.
• Normal CVP: 2–6 mmHg; elevated in fluid overload, low in hypovolemia.
• Complications: Infection, pneumothorax, air embolism, catheter occlusion.
• Diagnostics: Chest X-ray confirms placement; CVP readings via manometer or transducer.
• Symptoms: Fever (infection), chest pain (pneumothorax), swelling at site (thrombosis).
• Site Care: Sterile dressing, assess for redness, swelling, or discharge daily.
• Risks: Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), bleeding at insertion site.

Shock

Quick Fact

Shock is a life-threatening condition of inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Systemic failure to deliver oxygen to tissues due to circulatory collapse.
• Types: Hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive (septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic), obstructive.
• Hypovolemic Shock: Blood/fluid loss; causes tachycardia, hypotension (<90 mmHg systolic).
• Cardiogenic Shock: Heart pump failure; low cardiac output, pulmonary edema.
• Septic Shock: Infection-induced vasodilation; fever, warm skin, low BP.
• Diagnostics: Lactate levels (>2 mmol/L), arterial blood gas, echocardiography.
• Symptoms: Tachycardia, hypotension, oliguria, altered mental status, cool skin.
• Complications: Multi-organ failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), death.

Basics of Trauma

Quick Fact

Trauma involves physical injury requiring immediate medical intervention.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Physical injury from external force (blunt, penetrating, or thermal).
• Types: Blunt (e.g., motor vehicle accidents), penetrating (e.g., stab wounds), burns.
• Primary Survey: ABCDE (Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure).
• Secondary Survey: Head-to-toe assessment for hidden injuries, vital signs monitoring.
• Diagnostics: CT scan, X-ray, FAST ultrasound (focused assessment with sonography for trauma).
• Symptoms: Pain, bleeding, deformity, loss of function, shock signs.
• Complications: Hemorrhage, infection, compartment syndrome, organ failure.
• Classification: Minor (superficial), major (life-threatening, e.g., polytrauma).

Glasgow Coma Scale

Quick Fact

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) assesses consciousness in trauma or neurological patients.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Scoring system (3–15) to evaluate eye, verbal, and motor responses.
• Components: Eye opening (1–4), verbal response (1–5), motor response (1–6).
• Scoring: Severe TBI (≤8), moderate (9–12), mild (13–15).
• Indications: Head injury, stroke, altered consciousness, post-operative monitoring.
• Diagnostics: Used with CT/MRI to assess brain injury severity.
• Symptoms: Reduced score indicates coma, confusion, or unresponsiveness.
• Complications: Low GCS (<8) risks respiratory failure, increased intracranial pressure.
• Application: Serial assessments to monitor neurological status changes.

Abdominal Trauma

Quick Fact

Abdominal trauma involves injury to abdominal organs from blunt or penetrating forces.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Injury to abdominal structures (liver, spleen, intestines, kidneys).
• Types: Blunt (e.g., MVCs), penetrating (e.g., gunshot, stab wounds).
• Symptoms: Abdominal pain, distension, rigidity, rebound tenderness, shock signs.
• Diagnostics: FAST ultrasound, CT scan, diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL).
• Common Injuries: Spleen rupture, liver laceration, bowel perforation.
• Complications: Internal bleeding, peritonitis, sepsis, hypovolemic shock.
• Lab Findings: Low hemoglobin, elevated lactate, abnormal liver enzymes.
• Risks: Delayed diagnosis increases mortality (e.g., ruptured spleen).

Thoracic Trauma

Quick Fact

Thoracic trauma affects chest structures, impairing breathing or circulation.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Injury to thorax (lungs, heart, ribs, diaphragm) from blunt or penetrating trauma.
• Types: Pneumothorax, hemothorax, rib fractures, flail chest, cardiac tamponade.
• Symptoms: Chest pain, dyspnea, cyanosis, paradoxical chest movement (flail chest).
• Diagnostics: Chest X-ray, CT scan, ECG (cardiac injury), arterial blood gas.
• Pneumothorax: Air in pleural space; causes lung collapse, tracheal deviation.
• Hemothorax: Blood in pleural space; risks hypovolemic shock, respiratory distress.
• Complications: Respiratory failure, cardiac arrest, tension pneumothorax.
• Lab Findings: Hypoxemia (PaO2 <80 mmHg), low hemoglobin (bleeding).

Type of Wound

Quick Fact

Wounds are classified by mechanism and severity, impacting healing and complications.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Disruption of skin or tissue integrity from trauma or surgery.
• Types: Abrasion, laceration, puncture, avulsion, incision, contusion.
• Abrasion: Superficial skin scraping; minimal bleeding, high infection risk.
• Laceration: Irregular tear from blunt force; risks deep tissue damage.
• Puncture: Deep, narrow wound (e.g., needle, stab); high infection risk.
• Complications: Infection, delayed healing, dehiscence, keloid formation.
• Diagnostics: Wound inspection, cultures (infection), X-ray (foreign bodies).
• Symptoms: Pain, bleeding, swelling, erythema, or discharge (infection).

Why logyanlo.in?

Our Test Series offers:

• Free NORCET & RRB 2025 question banks tailored for fundamentals of nursing.
• Mobile-friendly tools for studying trauma care and nutritional support.
• Mock tests for KGMU, SGPGI, DSSSB, JIPMER to boost your exam readiness.

Conclusion: Excel in 2025

Ace NORCET & RRB 2025 with Day 161 Fundamentals of Nursing Question Bank at logyanlo.in. Master NG tube feeding, TPN, CVP line care, shock, trauma, and wound types for exam success! Boost your preparation with our  Question Bank for more free practice.

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