Midwifery and Obstetrical Nursing Practice Questions 2/2025: Day 139

Nursing Officer Quiz: Midwifery & Obstetrical Nursing | Day 139

Aspiring Nursing Officers, gear up for your competitive exams with Day 139 of our targeted practice series on www.logyanlo.in. This quiz is exclusively designed for Nursing Officer preparation, focusing on high-weightage topics in Midwifery and Obstetrical Nursing: fetal physiology, diagnosis of pregnancy, and physiological changes during pregnancy. Ideal for exams like AIIMS NORCET, ESIC Nursing Officer, BPSC Staff Nurse, and other state-level recruitments, it includes 100 MCQs to test your knowledge and refine your problem-solving skills.

These questions align with the latest syllabi, emphasizing conceptual depth for better scores. Use the quiz to simulate exam conditions, track progress, and identify areas for improvement in fetal development, pregnancy confirmation techniques, and maternal adaptations. Begin your session below to strengthen your preparation for Nursing Officer roles.

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Quick Revision Notes for Nursing Officer Exams: Midwifery and Obstetrical Nursing

Enhance your retention with these focused notes on the subtopics: fetal physiology, diagnosis of pregnancy, and physiological changes during pregnancy. Drawn from standard exam references, they cover essential points for quick recall during Nursing Officer competitive exams.

Fetal Physiology: Core Concepts for Exam Success

• Fetal circulation: Oxygenated blood from placenta via umbilical vein (80% saturation) bypasses the liver through ductus venosus, lungs via foramen ovale, and connects pulmonary to systemic circulation via ductus arteriosus. Postnatal changes: Foramen ovale closes due to left atrial pressure increase; ductus arteriosus becomes ligamentum arteriosum with oxygen rise.
• Fetal monitoring: Heart rate 110-160 bpm; Doppler detection at 10-12 weeks, fetoscope at 18-20 weeks. Abnormalities like bradycardia (<110 bpm) signal hypoxia or distress, critical for antenatal assessments.
• Amniotic fluid dynamics: Volume 800-1000 ml at term (pH 6.5-7.2, alkaline for protection). Roles: Thermal regulation, lung maturation, fetal movement. Production shifts to fetal urine after 20 weeks; excess (polyhydramnios, AFI >24 cm) indicates swallowing issues like esophageal atresia; deficiency (oligohydramnios, AFI <5 cm) links to renal agenesis or PROM.
• Fetal skull anatomy: Diameters—suboccipitobregmatic (9.5 cm, smallest and optimal for vertex delivery), mentovertical (13.5 cm, largest in brow presentation). Sutures (e.g., sagittal between parietals) allow molding; fontanelles (two: anterior bregma, posterior lambda) aid in labor adaptation and position identification.

Diagnosis of Pregnancy: Identification and Assessment Techniques

• Presumptive indicators: Subjective symptoms like amenorrhea (primary sign), nausea/vomiting, breast changes, and quickening (fetal movement at 18-20 weeks in primigravida, 16 weeks in multigravida)—often tested in scenario-based questions.
• Probable indicators: Objective findings including Hegar's sign (isthmus softening, 6-10 weeks), Goodell's sign (cervical softening, 6-8 weeks), Chadwick's sign (vaginal bluish discoloration from vascularity, 6-8 weeks), and ballottement (fetal rebound on pelvic exam, second trimester).
• Positive confirmation: Definitive signs such as fetal heart sounds (Doppler 10-12 weeks, fetoscope 18-20 weeks), ultrasound visualization (gestational sac at 4-5 weeks, crown-rump length for precise dating ±3-5 days), and fetal outline palpation—key for early pregnancy verification in clinical settings.
• Diagnostic tools and scoring: hCG (from syncytiotrophoblast) detectable in urine 7-10 days post-conception for rapid tests. Naegele's rule for EDD: LMP - 3 months + 7 days (for 28-day cycles). GTPAL system: e.g., G3 T2 P1 A1 L2 (3 pregnancies, 2 term, 1 preterm, 1 abortion, 2 living children)—essential for obstetric history evaluation.

Physiological Changes During Pregnancy: Maternal System Adaptations

• Cardiovascular adaptations: Cardiac output rises 30-50% to support fetoplacental needs; plasma volume expansion (40-50%) causes physiologic anemia (Hb >10 g/dL acceptable). Aortocaval compression in supine position leads to hypotension—advise lateral positioning for exams.
• Respiratory modifications: Progesterone stimulates hyperventilation; tidal volume increases 30-40%, diaphragm elevates 4 cm, resulting in mild respiratory alkalosis (pH 7.40-7.45) that facilitates fetal CO2 elimination.
• Renal and gastrointestinal shifts: GFR and renal plasma flow increase 50-80%, causing physiologic glycosuria and aminoaciduria; progesterone inhibits GI motility, leading to constipation, heartburn, and increased appetite. Urinary frequency peaks in first (hormonal) and third (fetal pressure) trimesters.
• Endocrine and integumentary changes: Progesterone ensures uterine relaxation and endometrial maintenance; estrogen drives myometrial hypertrophy and ductal development; hPL promotes insulin resistance for fetal glucose supply (GDM screening vital); relaxin softens cervix and pelvic ligaments. Skin alterations: Linea nigra (pigmented abdominal midline), chloasma (facial hyperpigmentation); breasts prepare with colostrum secretion from 16 weeks (rich in IgA for neonatal immunity).

Additional Practice for Nursing Officer Aspirants

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