Medical Surgical Nursing Practice Questions 15/2025: Day 164

Ace NORCET & RRB 2025

Preparing for NORCET, RRB, KGMU, SGPGI, DSSSB, or JIPMER in 2025? Day 164 at logyanlo.in offers a comprehensive Medical Surgical Nursing Question Bank covering Barrett’s Esophagus, Peptic Ulcer Disease, Portal Hypertension, Meckel’s Diverticulum, and Appendicitis. These exam-focused points ensure you master essential gastrointestinal concepts for nursing exams. Join our Test Series to excel in your preparation and enhance your medical-surgical nursing knowledge for 2025 success!

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Why Medical Surgical Nursing Matters

Medical Surgical Nursing is vital for nursing exams:

• Covers critical areas like gastrointestinal disorders and their complications.
• Tests knowledge of conditions like Barrett’s esophagus and portal hypertension.
• Prepares you for acute and chronic care roles in clinical settings.
• Equips you to manage complex patient conditions effectively.
  Our Test Series at logyanlo.in ensures your 2025 success with targeted practice!

Key Topics in Medical Surgical Nursing

Barrett’s Esophagus

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Metaplasia of esophageal squamous epithelium to columnar epithelium due to chronic GERD; precancerous condition.
• Pathophysiology: Chronic acid reflux damages esophagus, leading to intestinal metaplasia; increases risk for adenocarcinoma.
• Risk Factors: Chronic GERD (>5 years), obesity, smoking, male gender, age >50.
• Symptoms: Heartburn, dysphagia, regurgitation, chest pain; often asymptomatic in early stages.
• Diagnostics: Endoscopy (visualizes columnar epithelium), biopsy (confirms metaplasia, dysplasia).
• Complications: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (0.5% annual risk), strictures, bleeding.
• Types: No dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia (precancerous).
• Monitoring: Regular endoscopy (every 1–3 years, depending on dysplasia), symptom tracking.
• Lab Findings: Normal unless complications (e.g., anemia from chronic bleeding).
• Prognosis: Progression to cancer rare but increased with high-grade dysplasia.

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Erosions in gastric or duodenal mucosa due to acid-pepsin imbalance, often caused by Helicobacter pylori or NSAIDs.
• Overview: Involves mucosal damage in stomach or duodenum, leading to pain and potential complications.
• Causes: H. pylori infection (70–90%), NSAIDs, stress, excessive acid secretion (e.g., Zollinger-Ellison syndrome).
• Types: Gastric (epigastric pain worse with meals), duodenal (pain relieved by food, commoner).
• Pathophysiology: H. pylori disrupts mucosal barrier; NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, reducing mucus production.
• Symptoms: Burning epigastric pain, nausea, bloating, early satiety, hematemesis or melena in severe cases.
• Diagnostics: Endoscopy (visualizes ulcer), urea breath test (H. pylori), stool antigen test, serology.
• Complications: Bleeding (melena, hematemesis), perforation (acute abdomen), gastric outlet obstruction.
• Lab Findings: Anemia (chronic bleeding), positive H. pylori tests, elevated gastrin in rare cases.
• Risk Factors: Smoking, alcohol, chronic NSAID use, family history of ulcers.

Portal Hypertension

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Elevated portal vein pressure (>10 mmHg), typically from liver cirrhosis, causing collateral vessel formation.
• Overview: Results from increased resistance in portal venous system, leading to severe complications.
• Causes: Cirrhosis (alcohol, hepatitis), portal vein thrombosis, schistosomiasis, Budd-Chiari syndrome.
• Pathophysiology: Increased intrahepatic resistance (fibrosis) leads to portal-systemic collaterals (e.g., esophageal varices).
• Symptoms: Asymptomatic early; later ascites, splenomegaly, variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy.
• Diagnostics: Ultrasound (assesses portal vein flow, splenomegaly), endoscopy (detects varices), liver function tests.
• Complications: Esophageal varices (bleeding risk 30–50%), ascites, hepatorenal syndrome, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
• Lab Findings: Thrombocytopenia (splenomegaly), elevated ammonia (encephalopathy), low albumin, prolonged INR.
• Types: Prehepatic (thrombosis), intrahepatic (cirrhosis), posthepatic (Budd-Chiari).
• Monitoring: Endoscopy for varices, ascites volume, ammonia levels, liver function tests.

Meckel’s Diverticulum

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Congenital outpouching of the small intestine, a remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct, present in 2% of population.
• Overview: Common congenital anomaly, often asymptomatic but can cause complications.
• Pathophysiology: Ectopic gastric mucosa (50% cases) secretes acid, causing ulceration or bleeding.
• Symptoms: Often asymptomatic; may cause painless rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, or obstruction.
• Diagnostics: Meckel’s scan (technetium-99m scintigraphy for ectopic mucosa), CT scan, laparoscopy.
• Complications: Bleeding (ectopic mucosa), intestinal obstruction, diverticulitis, perforation.
• Risk Factors: Male gender, age <50, presence of ectopic gastric/pancreatic tissue.
• Lab Findings: Anemia (chronic bleeding), normal unless perforation (elevated WBC).
• Location: Ileum, 2 feet from ileocecal valve, 2 inches long (rule of 2s).
• Monitoring: Stool occult blood, hemoglobin levels for bleeding detection.

Appendicitis

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Acute inflammation of the vermiform appendix, often due to obstruction, requiring urgent surgical intervention.
• Overview: Common cause of acute abdominal pain, often requiring appendectomy.
• Causes: Fecalith, lymphoid hyperplasia, tumors, parasites (rare), foreign bodies.
• Symptoms: Right lower quadrant pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, McBurney’s point tenderness.
• Diagnostics: Ultrasound (dilated appendix >6 mm), CT scan (high sensitivity), Alvarado score (clinical).
• Complications: Perforation (20–30% cases), abscess formation, peritonitis, sepsis.
• Lab Findings: Elevated WBC (10,000–18,000/µL), C-reactive protein, normal in early cases.
• Risk Factors: Age 10–30, male gender, family history, low-fiber diet.
• Monitoring: Vital signs, pain progression, serial WBC for perforation risk.
• Types: Acute (rapid onset), chronic (rare, recurrent pain).

Why logyanlo.in?

Our Test Series offers:

• Free NORCET & RRB 2025 question banks tailored for medical surgical nursing.
• Mobile-friendly tools for studying gastrointestinal disorders and complications.
• Mock tests for KGMU, SGPGI, DSSSB, JIPMER to boost your exam readiness.
• Comprehensive resources to master complex medical-surgical concepts effectively.

Conclusion: Excel in 2025

Ace NORCET & RRB 2025 with Day 164 Medical Surgical Nursing Question Bank at logyanlo.in. Master Barrett’s esophagus, peptic ulcer disease, portal hypertension, Meckel’s diverticulum, and appendicitis for exam success! Boost your preparation with our  Question Bank for more free practice.

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