NORCET & RRB Fundamentals of Nursing Question Bank 2025: Day 168

Introduction: Your Ticket to Nursing Success

Hey, nursing champs! Ready to tackle NORCET, RRB, KGMU, SGPGI, DSSSB, or JIPMER in 2025? Day 168 at logyanlo.in is your go-to for a Fundamentals of Nursing Question Bank that dives into Enema, Thoracentesis, Lumbar Puncture, Blood Transfusion, IV Fluid, and Blood Sampling. These aren’t just procedures- they’re exam gold! Whether it’s understanding complications or nailing clinical scenarios, we’ve got you covered. Join our Nursing Test Series 2025 and let’s make those top ranks yours!

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Why Fundamentals of Nursing Matters

Fundamentals of Nursing is the heart of your exam prep. Here’s why:

• Core Exam Topic: 20–25% of NORCET and RRB questions test procedures and complications.
• Clinical Foundation: Procedures like IV fluid or blood transfusion are daily realities in wards.
• Safety First: Knowing risks (e.g., transfusion reactions) saves lives.
• Your Edge: Mastering these topics boosts your confidence for SGPGI, JIPMER, and more.
  With logyanlo.in’s Test Series, you’re set to shine in 2025!

Key Topics in Fundamentals of Nursing

Enema

Quick Fact

An enema delivers fluid into the rectum to promote bowel evacuation.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Procedure introducing fluid into rectum/colon to stimulate defecation or cleanse bowel.
• Types:
  • Cleansing (e.g., tap water, saline) – removes stool.
  • Retention (e.g., oil) – softens stool for later evacuation.
  • Medicated (e.g., kayexalate) – delivers drugs.
• Indications: Constipation, pre-surgical bowel prep, diagnostic procedures (e.g., colonoscopy).
• Equipment: Enema bag/tube, lubricant, fluid (500–1000 mL for adults), gloves, drape.
• Procedure Basics:
  • Position: Left lateral (Sims’) for comfort, exposes anus.
  • Insert lubricated tube 3–4 inches, infuse fluid slowly (5–10 min).
• Complications:
  • Bowel perforation (rare, due to forceful insertion).
  • Electrolyte imbalance (e.g., hypernatremia with saline).
  • Discomfort, cramping.
• Contraindications: Appendicitis, intestinal obstruction, recent rectal surgery.
• Clinical Significance: Relieves fecal impaction; prepares for imaging/surgery.
• Exam Tip: Know enema types and complications—NORCET loves these!

Thoracentesis

Quick Fact

Thoracentesis removes fluid or air from the pleural space.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Needle/catheter insertion into pleural space to drain fluid/air.
• Indications: Pleural effusion (e.g., CHF, malignancy), pneumothorax, empyema.
• Equipment: Sterile needle (16–18G), catheter, syringe, drainage bottle, local anesthetic.
• Procedure Basics:
  • Position: Sitting, leaning forward (arms on table).
  • Site: 6th–8th intercostal space, midscapular/posterior axillary line.
  • Ultrasound-guided to avoid lung puncture.
• Complications:
  • Pneumothorax (5–10% risk).
  • Hemothorax, pulmonary edema (rapid fluid removal).
  • Infection (rare).
• Diagnostics: Pleural fluid analysis (transudate vs. exudate, pH, glucose, LDH).
• Contraindications: Coagulopathy, unstable patient, skin infection at site.
• Monitoring: Vital signs, respiratory distress, chest pain post-procedure.
• Clinical Significance: Relieves dyspnea, aids diagnosis (e.g., malignancy).
• Exam Pearl: Know pleural fluid analysis—exudate (LDH >200 U/L) vs. transudate.

Lumbar Puncture

Quick Fact

Lumbar puncture collects CSF from the spinal canal for diagnosis.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Needle insertion into subarachnoid space (L3–L4 or L4–L5) to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
• Indications: Meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, multiple sclerosis, CSF pressure measurement.
• Equipment: Spinal needle (22–25G), manometer, sterile drape, lidocaine.
• Procedure Basics:
  • Position: Lateral decubitus (fetal) or sitting, spine flexed.
  • Site: Below conus medullaris (L1–L2) to avoid cord injury.
  • Measure opening pressure (8–20 cm H2O normal).
• Complications:
  • Post-LP headache (20–30%, due to CSF leak).
  • Herniation (rare, if ↑ ICP).
  • Spinal hematoma, infection.
• Contraindications: Raised ICP, thrombocytopenia, local infection.
• CSF Analysis: Protein (15–45 mg/dL), glucose (40–70 mg/dL), cell count.
• Clinical Significance: Diagnoses CNS infections, bleeding, demyelinating diseases.
• Exam Focus: Know normal CSF pressure and post-LP headache risk.

Blood Transfusion

Quick Fact

Blood transfusion replaces lost blood or components to restore function.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Administration of whole blood or components (RBCs, platelets, plasma) via IV.
• Indications: Anemia (Hb <7 g/dL), hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, clotting disorders.
• Components:
  • Packed RBCs: Increase oxygen-carrying capacity.
  • Platelets: Bleeding due to low platelets (<20,000/µL).
  • Fresh frozen plasma: Coagulopathy, liver disease.
• Procedure Basics:
  • Cross-match: ABO, Rh compatibility; type and screen.
  • Use 18–20G IV, normal saline only (no dextrose).
  • Infuse over 2–4 hours, monitor first 15 min closely.
• Complications:
  • Acute hemolytic reaction (ABO mismatch, fever, chills).
  • Febrile non-hemolytic reaction (most common, cytokine-mediated).
  • TRALI (transfusion-related acute lung injury), anaphylaxis.
• Monitoring: Vital signs, signs of reaction (urticaria, dyspnea).
• Contraindications: Fluid overload risk (CHF), unnecessary transfusions.
• Clinical Significance: Life-saving in trauma, surgery, anemia.
• Exam Tip: Know transfusion reaction signs—NORCET favorite!

IV Fluid

Quick Fact

IV fluids restore fluid and electrolyte balance.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Intravenous administration of fluids to correct dehydration, shock, or electrolyte imbalances.
• Types:
  • Crystalloids: Normal saline (0.9% NaCl), Ringer’s lactate, D5W.
  • Colloids: Albumin, dextran (volume expanders).
• Indications: Hypovolemia (trauma, burns), hypotension, electrolyte disorders.
• Equipment: IV catheter (16–22G), infusion set, fluid bag, drip chamber.
• Procedure Basics:
  • Select vein (e.g., cephalic, median cubital).
  • Calculate drip rate: Drops/min = (Volume × Drop factor) ÷ Time.
  • Monitor for infiltration (swelling, coolness).
• Complications:
  • Fluid overload (edema, dyspnea).
  • Phlebitis, infection at site.
  • Electrolyte imbalance (e.g., hyperkalemia with rapid NS).
• Contraindications: Heart failure (risk of pulmonary edema).
• Clinical Significance: Restores hemodynamic stability, supports organ perfusion.
• Exam Pearl: Know crystalloid vs. colloid uses and drip rate formula.

Blood Sampling

Quick Fact

Blood sampling collects blood for diagnostic testing.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Obtaining blood via venipuncture or capillary puncture for lab analysis.
• Indications: Monitor electrolytes, CBC, glucose, renal/liver function, infection markers.
• Equipment: Needle (21–23G), vacutainer tubes (color-coded), tourniquet, alcohol swab.
• Procedure Basics:
  • Sites: Median cubital vein (venipuncture), fingertip/heel (capillary).
  • Order of draw: Blood culture, coagulation (blue), serum (red), EDTA (purple).
  • Apply tourniquet <1 min to avoid hemolysis.
• Complications:
  • Hematoma (improper technique).
  • Hemolysis (small needle, vigorous shaking).
  • Infection (poor asepsis).
• Tube Types:
  • Purple (EDTA): CBC, hematocrit.
  • Blue (citrate): PT/INR, aPTT.
  • Red (no additive): Serum chemistry.
• Contraindications: Damaged veins, burns, edema at site.
• Clinical Significance: Guides diagnosis (e.g., anemia, sepsis).
• Exam Tip: Know tube colors and order of draw for NORCET.

Why logyanlo.in?

We’re your nursing prep partner! Our Test Series offers:

• Free NORCET & RRB 2025 question banks with detailed explanations.
• Mobile-friendly quizzes for on-the-go study.
• Mock tests for KGMU, SGPGI, DSSSB, JIPMER.
• High-yield notes to nail procedures like lumbar puncture or IV fluid.
• Join our Telegram/WhatsApp groups for community support!

Conclusion: Conquer 2025 Exams

Ready to dominate NORCET & RRB 2025? Day 168’s Fundamentals of Nursing Question Bank at logyanlo.in equips you to master enema, thoracentesis, lumbar puncture, blood transfusion, IV fluid, and blood sampling. These notes are your shortcut to acing those procedure-based questions. Hit our Daily Question Bank for free practice and soar to the top!

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