Medical Surgical Nursing (Gastrointestinal) Question Bank 2025: Day 171

Your Path to GI Nursing Mastery

Hey, nursing champs! Ready to conquer NORCET, RRB, KGMU, SGPGI, DSSSB, or JIPMER in 2025? Day 171 at logyanlo.in brings you a Medical Surgical Nursing (Gastrointestinal) Question Bank packed with high-yield notes on Hemorrhoids, Anal Fissure, Colorectal Cancer, Massive Blood Transfusion, and Triage. These topics are exam gold- straight from the gut of medical-surgical nursing! Let’s break it down and make these concepts your superpower. With our Nursing Test Series 2025, you’re not just studying- you’re building a foundation for top ranks!

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Why Medical Surgical Nursing (GI) Matters

Medical Surgical Nursing (GI) is a heavy-hitter in your exam prep. Here’s why:

• Exam Weightage: 15–20% of NORCET and RRB questions focus on GI disorders and emergency care.
• Clinical Relevance: From hemorrhoids to massive transfusions, these are real-world nursing challenges.
• Critical Thinking: Spotting colorectal cancer or prioritizing triage saves lives.
• Your Edge: Mastering these sets you apart in SGPGI, JIPMER, and beyond.
  logyanlo.in’s Test Series is your go-to for acing 2025 with confidence!

Key Topics in Medical Surgical Nursing (Gastrointestinal)

Hemorrhoids

Quick Fact

Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the rectum or anus causing pain or bleeding.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Dilated veins in the anal canal (internal) or perianal area (external).
• Types:
  • Internal: Above dentate line, painless, bleed.
  • External: Below dentate line, painful, thrombosed.
• Pathophysiology: Increased venous pressure (straining, pregnancy) → vein engorgement.
• Clinical Signs: Rectal bleeding (bright red), pain (external), itching, prolapse.
• Risk Factors: Constipation, prolonged sitting, obesity, low-fiber diet.
• Diagnostics:
  • Visual inspection, digital rectal exam (DRE).
  • Anoscopy/proctoscopy for internal hemorrhoids.
• Complications: Thrombosis (clot formation), anemia (chronic bleeding), strangulation.
• Staging: Grade I–IV (I: no prolapse, IV: irreducible prolapse).
• Exam Tip: Know internal vs. external hemorrhoids for NORCET questions.
• Why It Matters: Chronic bleeding risks anemia; thrombosis causes severe pain.

Anal Fissure

Quick Fact

Anal fissure is a tear in the anal mucosa causing severe pain during defecation.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Linear tear in the anal canal, usually posterior midline.
• Pathophysiology: Hard stool or trauma → mucosal tear → sphincter spasm → ischemia.
• Clinical Signs: Sharp pain during/after defecation, bright red blood, sentinel pile (skin tag).
• Risk Factors: Constipation, diarrhea, childbirth, anal trauma.
• Diagnostics:
  • Visual inspection: Tear visible at 6 o’clock (posterior).
  • DRE (avoid if painful), anoscopy (confirm diagnosis).
• Complications: Chronic fissure (>6 weeks), infection, anal stenosis.
• Healing Factors: Adequate blood flow, reduced sphincter tone, soft stools.
• Associated Conditions: Crohn’s disease, chronic constipation.
• Exam Pearl: Know posterior midline location and pain pattern for RRB.
• Why It Matters: Persistent fissures risk chronicity and complications.

Colorectal Cancer

Quick Fact

Colorectal cancer is a malignancy of the colon or rectum, often from adenomas.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Malignant tumor in colon/rectum, 3rd most common cancer globally.
• Pathophysiology: Adenoma-carcinoma sequence; mutations (APC, KRAS, p53).
• Risk Factors: Age >50, family history, IBD, smoking, high-fat/low-fiber diet.
• Clinical Signs: Altered bowel habits, rectal bleeding, weight loss, abdominal pain.
• Diagnostics:
  • Colonoscopy: Gold standard, biopsy for histology.
  • CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen): >5 ng/mL (monitor progression).
  • CT/MRI: Staging (TNM system).
• Complications: Obstruction, perforation, metastasis (liver, lungs).
• Staging: Duke’s (A–D) or TNM; Stage III = lymph node involvement.
• Screening: FOBT (fecal occult blood test), colonoscopy every 10 years (>50).
• Exam Tip: Know CEA and colonoscopy for SGPGI questions.
• Why It Matters: Early detection via screening improves survival.

Massive Blood Transfusion

Quick Fact

Massive blood transfusion replaces >50% blood volume within 24 hours.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Transfusion of ≥10 units of packed RBCs or total blood volume in 24 hours.
• Indications: Trauma, GI bleeding (e.g., varices), surgery, hemorrhagic shock.
• Components: Packed RBCs, platelets, fresh frozen plasma (1:1:1 ratio).
• Pathophysiology: Blood loss → hypovolemia → tissue hypoxia, coagulopathy.
• Complications:
  • Transfusion reactions: Hemolytic (ABO mismatch), febrile non-hemolytic.
  • Coagulopathy: Dilutional thrombocytopenia, ↓ clotting factors.
  • Hypothermia: Cold blood infusion → arrhythmias.
  • TRALI: Transfusion-related acute lung injury (dyspnea, hypoxia).
• Monitoring: Vital signs, urine output, labs (Hgb, INR, platelets).
• Diagnostics: CBC, PT/INR, fibrinogen, lactate (shock marker).
• Procedure Basics: Large-bore IV (16–18G), warmed fluids, rapid infuser.
• Exam Pearl: Know 1:1:1 ratio and TRALI for JIPMER questions.
• Why It Matters: Life-saving in massive hemorrhage but high complication risk.

Triage

Quick Fact

Triage prioritizes patients based on severity in emergencies.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: System to prioritize patient care in emergencies based on urgency.
• Systems:
  • ESI (Emergency Severity Index): 1 (critical) to 5 (non-urgent).
  • START: Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (mass casualty).
• Pathophysiology: Resource scarcity → prioritize life-threatening conditions.
• Categories:
  • Immediate (red): Airway obstruction, shock.
  • Delayed (yellow): Stable but serious (e.g., fractures).
  • Minor (green): Walking wounded.
  • Expectant (black): Unlikely to survive.
• Clinical Signs: Assess ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation), consciousness.
• Diagnostics: Vital signs, pulse oximetry, GCS in trauma.
• Complications: Mis-triage → delayed care, increased mortality.
• Settings: ED, mass casualty, disaster response.
• Exam Tip: Know ESI levels and START categories for DSSSB.
• Why It Matters: Effective triage saves lives in resource-limited settings.

Why logyanlo.in?

We’re your exam buddy! Our Test Series offers:

• Free NORCET & RRB 2025 question banks with crystal-clear notes.
• Mobile-friendly quizzes for anytime, anywhere prep.
• Mock tests tailored for KGMU, SGPGI, DSSSB, JIPMER.
• High-yield content to master GI disorders and emergency care.
• Join our Telegram/WhatsApp groups for tips and peer support!

Conclusion: Your 2025 Triumph Awaits

Ready to ace NORCET & RRB 2025? Day 171’s Medical Surgical Nursing (GI) Question Bank at logyanlo.in is your key to mastering hemorrhoids, anal fissure, colorectal cancer, massive blood transfusion, and triage. These notes are crafted to make you exam-ready with no fluff—just pure, rank-winning content! Dive into our Daily Question Bank for free practice and claim your top spot!

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