Paediatric Nursing Practice Questions 6/2025: Day 163

Ace NORCET & RRB 2025

Preparing for NORCET, RRB, KGMU, SGPGI, DSSSB, or JIPMER in 2025? Day 163 at logyanlo.in offers a comprehensive Paediatric Nursing Question Bank covering Neural Tube Defects, Cerebral Palsy, Brain Tumor, Craniosynostosis, Pyloric Stenosis, and Hirschsprung’s Disease. These exam-focused points ensure you master essential concepts for nursing exams. Join our Test Series to excel in your preparation and enhance your paediatric nursing knowledge!

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Why Paediatric Nursing Matters

Paediatric Nursing is vital for nursing exams:

• Covers critical areas like congenital disorders and childhood illnesses.
• Tests knowledge of conditions like neural tube defects and cerebral palsy.
• Prepares you for specialized care of infants and children in clinical settings.
• Equips you to address developmental and health challenges in paediatrics.
  Our Test Series at logyanlo.in ensures your 2025 success with targeted practice!

Key Topics in Paediatric Nursing

Neural Tube Defects

Quick Fact

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are congenital malformations of the brain or spinal cord.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Failure of neural tube closure during embryonic development (3–4 weeks).
• Types: Spina bifida (occulta, meningocele, myelomeningocele), anencephaly, encephalocele.
• Spina Bifida Occulta: Mild, hidden defect; no protrusion, often asymptomatic.
• Myelomeningocele: Severe; spinal cord protrudes, causing paralysis, bladder issues.
• Anencephaly: Absent brain/skull; incompatible with life, stillbirth common.
• Diagnostics: Prenatal ultrasound, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, MRI post-birth.
• Symptoms: Paralysis, hydrocephalus, bowel/bladder dysfunction (myelomeningocele).
• Complications: Hydrocephalus, meningitis, Chiari II malformation, neurogenic bladder.
• Risk Factors: Folic acid deficiency, maternal diabetes, anticonvulsant use.
• Monitoring: Serial AFP, head circumference for hydrocephalus detection.

Cerebral Palsy

Quick Fact

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive motor disorder due to brain injury.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Permanent motor impairment from brain damage before/during birth.
• Types: Spastic (stiff muscles, 70%), dyskinetic (involuntary movements), ataxic (poor coordination).
• Spastic CP: Hypertonia, contractures; diplegia (legs), hemiplegia (one side), quadriplegia.
• Causes: Hypoxia, prematurity, intraventricular hemorrhage, maternal infections.
• Diagnostics: MRI, EEG, developmental screening, Apgar score (low at birth).
• Symptoms: Delayed milestones, spasticity, tremors, poor motor control, seizures.
• Complications: Scoliosis, hip dislocation, intellectual disability, epilepsy.
• Risk Factors: Low birth weight, preterm birth, perinatal asphyxia.
• Monitoring: Growth charts, neurological exams, seizure activity tracking.
• Prognosis: Non-progressive, but lifelong; severity varies by type and brain damage.

Brain Tumor

Quick Fact

Brain tumors in children are abnormal growths affecting neurological function.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Benign or malignant growths in brain or spinal cord tissue.
• Types: Medulloblastoma (cerebellum), astrocytoma (glial cells), ependymoma (ventricles).
• Medulloblastoma: Aggressive, posterior fossa; common in children <10 years.
• Symptoms: Headache, vomiting (morning), ataxia, vision changes, seizures.
• Diagnostics: MRI, CT scan, lumbar puncture (CSF analysis), biopsy.
• Complications: Hydrocephalus, cranial nerve deficits, cognitive impairment.
• Risk Factors: Genetic syndromes (e.g., Li-Fraumeni), radiation exposure.
• Lab Findings: Elevated CSF protein, abnormal tumor markers in biopsy.
• Monitoring: Serial imaging, neurological assessments, post-treatment recurrence checks.
• Prognosis: Varies; medulloblastoma 5-year survival ~70% with treatment.

Craniosynostosis

Quick Fact

Craniosynostosis is premature fusion of cranial sutures, altering skull shape.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Early closure of one or more cranial sutures before brain growth completes.
• Types: Sagittal (elongated skull), coronal (asymmetric face), metopic (triangular forehead).
• Symptoms: Abnormal head shape, raised suture ridges, developmental delays.
• Diagnostics: Skull X-ray, CT scan, 3D imaging for suture fusion confirmation.
• Complications: Increased intracranial pressure, vision/hearing deficits, cognitive issues.
• Risk Factors: Genetic mutations (e.g., FGFR2 gene), syndromic (e.g., Crouzon).
• Lab Findings: Normal unless syndromic (genetic testing for mutations).
• Monitoring: Head circumference, neurological exams, developmental milestones.
• Types: Non-syndromic (isolated), syndromic (with other anomalies, e.g., Apert syndrome).
• Prognosis: Good with early surgical correction; untreated risks brain damage.

Pyloric Stenosis

Quick Fact

Pyloric stenosis is narrowing of the pylorus, obstructing gastric emptying.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Hypertrophy of pyloric muscle causing gastric outlet obstruction.
• Symptoms: Projectile vomiting (non-bilious), weight loss, dehydration in infants.
• Diagnostics: Ultrasound (pyloric muscle thickness >3 mm), barium study.
• Risk Factors: Male gender (4:1), first-born, family history, erythromycin use.
• Pathophysiology: Pyloric thickening blocks food passage; onset 2–8 weeks post-birth.
• Complications: Dehydration, metabolic alkalosis (low chloride, high bicarbonate).
• Lab Findings: Hypochloremia, hypokalemia, alkalosis (pH >7.45).
• Monitoring: Electrolyte levels, weight, feeding tolerance post-treatment.
• Age Group: Typically infants 3–6 weeks; rare after 12 weeks.
• Prognosis: Excellent post-surgical correction (pyloromyotomy); low recurrence.

Hirschsprung’s Disease

Quick Fact

Hirschsprung’s disease is congenital absence of ganglionic cells in the colon.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Lack of enteric ganglion cells causing functional bowel obstruction.
• Pathophysiology: Aganglionic colon segment prevents peristalsis, causing obstruction.
• Symptoms: Failure to pass meconium, constipation, abdominal distension, vomiting.
• Diagnostics: Rectal biopsy (no ganglion cells), barium enema (transition zone).
• Complications: Enterocolitis, bowel perforation, sepsis, toxic megacolon.
• Risk Factors: Genetic mutations (e.g., RET gene), Down syndrome, male gender.
• Lab Findings: Normal unless enterocolitis (elevated CRP, leukocytosis).
• Monitoring: Bowel function, weight gain, signs of enterocolitis post-treatment.
• Types: Short-segment (rectosigmoid, 80%), long-segment (proximal colon).
• Prognosis: Good with surgical resection (pull-through); lifelong bowel issues possible.

Why logyanlo.in?

Our Test Series offers:

• Free NORCET & RRB 2025 question banks tailored for paediatric nursing.
• Mobile-friendly tools for studying congenital and childhood disorders.
• Mock tests for KGMU, SGPGI, DSSSB, JIPMER to boost your exam readiness.
• Comprehensive resources to master paediatric health concepts effectively.

Conclusion: Excel in 2025

Ace NORCET & RRB 2025 with Day 163 Paediatric Nursing Question Bank at logyanlo.in. Master neural tube defects, cerebral palsy, brain tumors, craniosynostosis, pyloric stenosis, and Hirschsprung’s disease for exam success! Boost your preparation with our Question Bank for more free practice.

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