Infectious & Dermatology Rank-Booster Day
Hey, future AIIMS Nursing Officers! Day 186 at logyanlo.in is your complete Medical Surgical Nursing (Infectious Diseases, Immunology, and Dermatology) masterclass for AIIMS NORCET 2025, RRB Staff Nurse, JIPMER, SGPGI & DSSSB. We're covering the 9 most repeated topics: Pneumonia, HIV/AIDS, Kaposi Sarcoma, Wasting Syndrome, UTI, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI), Primary Skin Lesions, Contact Dermatitis, and Scabies. These appear in every shift - master them and lock 15-20 marks! Let’s dominate 2025!
Why These Topics Are Exam Gold
Infectious & Dermatology = guaranteed high weightage:
- 15–20 % questions in AIIMS NORCET & RRB exams
- Pneumonia types, HIV stages & HAI bundles are favourite scenarios
- Skin lesions & scabies appear in both theory + image-based sections
- Kaposi sarcoma & wasting syndrome are repeated AIDS-defining illnesses
logyanlo.in gives you only the high-yield, rank-making points!
Key Topics in MSN (Infectious Diseases, Immunology, and Dermatology)
Pneumonia
Quick Fact
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) most common organism: Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Complete Coverage
Pneumonia is inflammation of lung parenchyma with alveolar consolidation.
Classification & Etiology
- Community-Acquired (CAP): S. pneumoniae (most common), H. influenzae, atypicals (Mycoplasma, Legionella)
- Hospital-Acquired (HAP): Gram-negative (Pseudomonas, Klebsiella), MRSA
- Ventilator-Associated (VAP): Similar to HAP, multidrug-resistant
Clinical Signs
Fever, productive cough, dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, crackles on auscultation
CXR Findings
Lobar consolidation (CAP), patchy infiltrates (atypical), bilateral (VAP)
Nursing Care
Oxygen therapy, semi-Fowler's position, hydration, monitor respiratory rate, sputum culture
Exam Pearl
CURB-65 score for severity assessment in CAP.
HIV / AIDS
Quick Fact
HIV diagnosis: ELISA (screening) + Western Blot (confirmatory).
Complete Coverage
HIV is retrovirus attacking CD4 T cells → progressive immunodeficiency.
Transmission Modes
Sexual, blood-borne (needles, transfusion), perinatal (mother-to-child), no casual contact
Clinical Stages (WHO)
Stage 1: Asymptomatic
Stage 2: Minor symptoms (weight loss, oral ulcers)
Stage 3: Advanced (TB, PCP)
Stage 4: AIDS (CD4 <200, opportunistic infections)
Diagnostics
ELISA (sensitive), Western Blot/p24 antigen/viral load (specific)
ART
HAART – combination (2 NRTI + 1 NNRTI/PI/integrase inhibitor)
Goal: undetectable viral load
Exam Pearl
CD4 <200 = AIDS definition.
Kaposi Sarcoma
Quick Fact
Kaposi sarcoma is AIDS-defining malignancy caused by HHV-8.
Complete Coverage
Kaposi sarcoma is vascular tumour associated with HHV-8 in immunocompromised.
Pathophysiology
HHV-8 infection + immunosuppression → endothelial proliferation
Clinical Features
Purple/red skin plaques/nodules, oral mucosa, GI, lungs
Management
ART (first line – immune reconstitution), local (cryotherapy, radiation), systemic chemotherapy (advanced)
Exam Pearl
AIDS-defining illness – most common malignancy in HIV.
Wasting Syndrome (HIV)
Quick Fact
HIV wasting: >10 % unintentional weight loss + chronic diarrhea/weakness.
Complete Coverage
Wasting syndrome is AIDS-defining with profound involuntary weight loss.
Pathophysiology
Cytokine dysregulation, malabsorption, opportunistic infections, hypermetabolism
Clinical Signs
Weight loss >10 %, muscle wasting, chronic diarrhea/fever >1 month
Management
Nutritional support (high-calorie supplements), anabolic agents (testosterone, megace), treat infections
Exam Pearl
AIDS-defining when >10 % weight loss + symptoms.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Quick Fact
E. coli causes 80 % of uncomplicated UTIs.
Complete Coverage
UTI is bacterial infection of urinary tract.
Lower UTI (Cystitis)
Dysuria, frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain
Upper UTI (Pyelonephritis)
Fever, CVA tenderness, flank pain
Etiology
E. coli (most common), Klebsiella, Proteus
Diagnostics
Urine microscopy (WBC >10/HPF), culture (>10^5 CFU/mL)
Nursing Management
Encourage fluids, hygiene, monitor temperature, pain relief
Exam Pearl
CVA tenderness = upper UTI (pyelonephritis).
Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI)
Quick Fact
Hand hygiene is the single most effective prevention for HAI.
Complete Coverage
HAI are infections acquired in healthcare settings.
Common Types
- CAUTI (catheter-associated UTI)
- VAP (ventilator-associated pneumonia)
- CLABSI (central line bloodstream infection)
- SSI (surgical site infection)
Bundle Care
CAUTI bundle: aseptic insertion, daily review need
VAP bundle: head elevation 30–45°, oral care, sedation vacation
Prevention
Hand hygiene (alcohol rub or soap), isolation precautions, bundle compliance
Exam Pearl
Hand hygiene = most important HAI prevention.
Primary Skin Lesions
Quick Fact
Primary lesions are initial morphological changes in skin.
Complete Coverage
Macule: Flat, <1 cm, colour change (vitiligo, café-au-lait)
Papule: Elevated, <1 cm, solid (wart, acne)
Vesicle: Fluid-filled, <1 cm (herpes simplex, chickenpox)
Wheal: Transient elevated, oedema (urticaria, insect bite)
Other Primary
Plaque (>1 cm elevated), nodule (deep), pustule (pus-filled)
Exam Pearl
Vesicle = herpes zoster/chickenpox classic.
Contact Dermatitis
Quick Fact
Allergic contact dermatitis is Type IV hypersensitivity.
Complete Coverage
Allergic: Delayed hypersensitivity (poison ivy, nickel) – pruritic, vesicles, oozing
Irritant: Non-immune, direct damage (soaps, detergents) – burning, dry, fissured
Site-Specific: Hands (occupational), neck (jewellery)
Management: Avoid trigger, topical steroids, emollients
Exam Pearl
Allergic = Type IV, patch test positive.
Scabies
Quick Fact
Scabies causes intense nocturnal itching with burrows.
Complete Coverage
Scabies is infestation by Sarcoptes scabiei mite.
Transmission: Close contact, fomites
Clinical Signs: Intense night itching, burrows (finger webs, wrists), papules, excoriations
Treatment: Permethrin 5 % cream (whole body), treat family/contacts
Nursing: Hot water wash clothes/bedding (>60°C), isolate until treated
Exam Pearl
Burrows + nocturnal itching = scabies.
Mini FAQ: Infectious & Dermatology 2025 Hacks
Q: Most common CAP organism? → S. pneumoniae
Q: AIDS definition? → CD4 <200 or opportunistic infection
Q: Hand hygiene for HAI? → Most effective prevention
Q: Scabies hallmark? → Night itching + burrows
Q: Allergic contact dermatitis type? → Type IV hypersensitivity
Why logyanlo.in?
Your 2025 infectious & dermatology rank partner with free PYQs, diagram quizzes & Telegram community!
Conclusion: Your ID Marks Are Locked!
Day 186 just gave you the complete infectious & dermatology package. Keep practising daily on our Daily Question Bank and watch your name in the merit list!
Call to Action
Share this post with your batchmates & Telegram groups – let's make 2025 ours!
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