Nutrition & Dietetics: Vitamins Deficiency Quiz
Vitamins (Micronutrients) play a vital role in maintaining health, and their deficiency leads to specific clinical disorders frequently asked in AIIMS NORCET and NCLEX-RN. In today's Daily Mock Test, we focus on Basic Nutrition.
This quiz covers high-yield questions on Chemical Names of vitamins, differentiating between Fat-Soluble (A, D, E, K) and Water-Soluble (B-Complex, C) vitamins. We also cover classic deficiency diseases like Scurvy, Rickets, Beriberi, and Pellagra, along with nursing responsibilities in administering vitamins like Vitamin K in newborns. Master these nutrition concepts to boost your score.
Nutrition: Vitamins & Deficiency
Q1.Question:
Which vitamin deficiency is the leading cause of preventable blindness in children worldwide?
Which vitamin deficiency is the leading cause of preventable blindness in children worldwide?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin A
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin B12
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin A is essential for maintaining the integrity of the cornea and retina. Deficiency leads to Xerophthalmia, Bitot's spots, and Night Blindness, eventually causing permanent blindness. Option A causes Scurvy. Option C causes Rickets.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q2.Question:
Pellagra is a nutritional deficiency disease characterized by the "3 Ds": Dermatitis, Diarrhea, and Dementia. It is caused by the deficiency of:
Pellagra is a nutritional deficiency disease characterized by the "3 Ds": Dermatitis, Diarrhea, and Dementia. It is caused by the deficiency of:
A. Thiamine (B1)
B. Riboflavin (B2)
C. Niacin (B3)
D. Pyridoxine (B6)
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Pellagra results from a severe lack of Niacin (Vitamin B3) or its precursor Tryptophan. Option A causes Beri-Beri. Option B causes Cheilosis/Glossitis. Option D causes Neuropathy.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q3.Question:
Bleeding gums, loose teeth, and delayed wound healing are classic clinical manifestations of:
Bleeding gums, loose teeth, and delayed wound healing are classic clinical manifestations of:
A. Scurvy
B. Rickets
C. Beri-Beri
D. Osteomalacia
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: Scurvy is caused by Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) deficiency, which is crucial for collagen synthesis, leading to fragile capillaries and gum bleeding. Option B and D relate to bone softening due to Vitamin D deficiency.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q4.Question:
Which vitamin is mandatory to administer along with the anti-tubercular drug Isoniazid (INH) to prevent peripheral neuropathy?
Which vitamin is mandatory to administer along with the anti-tubercular drug Isoniazid (INH) to prevent peripheral neuropathy?
A. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
B. Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
C. Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
D. Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Isoniazid increases the excretion of Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6), leading to deficiency and subsequent peripheral neuropathy (tingling/numbness). Supplementation (10-40 mg) prevents this neurotoxicity.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q5.Question:
Pernicious Anemia is an autoimmune condition caused by the malabsorption of:
Pernicious Anemia is an autoimmune condition caused by the malabsorption of:
A. Iron
B. Folic Acid
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin C
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Pernicious Anemia involves the lack of Intrinsic Factor (secreted by stomach parietal cells), which is necessary for the absorption of Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) in the ileum. Option A causes Iron Deficiency Anemia.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q6.Question:
Which vitamin is known as the "Anti-sterility Vitamin" or "Fertility Vitamin"?
Which vitamin is known as the "Anti-sterility Vitamin" or "Fertility Vitamin"?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin E
D. Vitamin K
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin E (Tocopherol) is an antioxidant that protects cell membranes and is associated with reproductive health; deficiency can lead to sterility in animals (though rare in humans). Option D is the Anti-hemorrhagic vitamin.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q7.Question:
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, often seen in chronic alcoholics, is primarily due to the severe deficiency of:
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, often seen in chronic alcoholics, is primarily due to the severe deficiency of:
A. Thiamine
B. Riboflavin
C. Niacin
D. Biotin
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: Alcohol interferes with Thiamine (Vitamin B1) absorption and storage, leading to brain damage (confusion, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia). Option B causes angular stomatitis.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q8.Question:
The "Sunshine Vitamin" is:
The "Sunshine Vitamin" is:
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin E
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol) is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight. It is essential for calcium absorption and bone health.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q9.Question:
Which deficiency disease is characterized by "bow-legs" and "pigeon chest" in children?
Which deficiency disease is characterized by "bow-legs" and "pigeon chest" in children?
A. Osteoporosis
B. Osteomalacia
C. Rickets
D. Tetany
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Rickets is the softening of bones in children due to Vitamin D deficiency, leading to skeletal deformities like bowed legs and pigeon chest. Option B is the adult equivalent (soft bones without deformity).
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q10.Question:
Folic Acid deficiency during early pregnancy is strongly associated with which congenital defect?
Folic Acid deficiency during early pregnancy is strongly associated with which congenital defect?
A. Cleft Palate
B. Neural Tube Defects
C. Congenital Heart Disease
D. Down Syndrome
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Folic Acid is critical for DNA synthesis and neural tube closure in the first 28 days of pregnancy. Deficiency causes Spina Bifida and Anencephaly.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q11.Question:
Which vitamin is most heat-labile and is easily destroyed by cooking or exposure to air?
Which vitamin is most heat-labile and is easily destroyed by cooking or exposure to air?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) is water-soluble and highly sensitive to heat, oxidation, and alkalis. Cooking vegetables for long periods destroys significantly more Vitamin C than other vitamins.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q12.Question:
"Cheilosis" (cracking at the corners of the mouth) and "Glossitis" (magenta-colored tongue) are characteristic signs of deficiency of:
"Cheilosis" (cracking at the corners of the mouth) and "Glossitis" (magenta-colored tongue) are characteristic signs of deficiency of:
A. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
B. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
C. Biotin
D. Vitamin A
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: Riboflavin deficiency (Ariboflavinosis) manifests primarily with oral and cutaneous lesions like angular stomatitis, cheilosis, and glossitis. Option B causes neurological or cardiac issues.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q13.Question:
Which of the following vitamins is strictly absent in plant-based foods, making strict vegetarians (vegans) prone to deficiency?
Which of the following vitamins is strictly absent in plant-based foods, making strict vegetarians (vegans) prone to deficiency?
A. Vitamin B1
B. Vitamin B6
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin C
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) is naturally found only in animal products (meat, dairy, eggs) or fortified foods. Strict vegans often require supplementation to prevent anemia and neuropathy.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q14.Question:
Under the National Prophylaxis Programme against Blindness, the first dose of Vitamin A given to an infant at 9 months is:
Under the National Prophylaxis Programme against Blindness, the first dose of Vitamin A given to an infant at 9 months is:
A. 50,000 IU
B. 1 Lakh IU
C. 2 Lakh IU
D. 5 Lakh IU
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: The first dose (at 9 months with Measles vaccine) is 100,000 IU (1 ml). Subsequent doses given every 6 months until 5 years of age are 200,000 IU (2 ml).
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q15.Question:
"Burning Foot Syndrome" is associated with the deficiency of:
"Burning Foot Syndrome" is associated with the deficiency of:
A. Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5)
B. Folic Acid
C. Niacin
D. Retinol
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: Deficiency of Pantothenic Acid causes paresthesia and burning sensation in the feet. It was historically noted in prisoners of war with severe malnutrition.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q16.Question:
Which form of Beri-Beri is characterized by cardiovascular involvement (edema, heart failure)?
Which form of Beri-Beri is characterized by cardiovascular involvement (edema, heart failure)?
A. Dry Beri-Beri
B. Wet Beri-Beri
C. Infantile Beri-Beri
D. Wernicke's Encephalopathy
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Wet Beri-Beri affects the cardiovascular system, causing high-output cardiac failure and edema. Dry Beri-Beri (Option A) primarily affects the nervous system (neuropathy/wasting).
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q17.Question:
Megaloblastic Anemia is caused by the deficiency of:
Megaloblastic Anemia is caused by the deficiency of:
A. Iron
B. Vitamin B12 and/or Folic Acid
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin K
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Both B12 and Folate are required for DNA synthesis in red blood cells. Deficiency leads to large, immature RBCs (Megaloblasts). Iron deficiency (Option A) causes Microcytic anemia.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q18.Question:
Which vitamin is synthesized by bacteria in the large intestine?
Which vitamin is synthesized by bacteria in the large intestine?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin E
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: The gut flora (bacteria) synthesizes a significant amount of Vitamin K (Menaquinone) and some B-vitamins like Biotin. This is why newborns (sterile gut) need Vitamin K injections.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q19.Question:
The richest natural source of Vitamin C is:
The richest natural source of Vitamin C is:
A. Orange
B. Lemon
C. Amla (Indian Gooseberry)
D. Tomato
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Amla contains approximately 600-700 mg of Vitamin C per 100g, which is significantly higher than citrus fruits like oranges or lemons (approx 50 mg/100g).
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q20.Question:
Consumption of raw egg whites for a prolonged period can lead to the deficiency of which vitamin?
Consumption of raw egg whites for a prolonged period can lead to the deficiency of which vitamin?
A. Biotin
B. Niacin
C. Thiamine
D. Riboflavin
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: Raw egg white contains a protein called Avidin, which binds tightly to Biotin and prevents its absorption ("Egg White Injury"). Cooking denatures Avidin.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q21.Question:
Which vitamin acts as a hormone in the body?
Which vitamin acts as a hormone in the body?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B1
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin E
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: The active form of Vitamin D (Calcitriol) functions like a steroid hormone, regulating gene expression and calcium homeostasis in kidneys, bones, and intestine.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q22.Question:
"Bitot’s Spots" are foamy, triangular spots on the conjunctiva caused by:
"Bitot’s Spots" are foamy, triangular spots on the conjunctiva caused by:
A. Vitamin A deficiency
B. Vitamin C deficiency
C. Calcium deficiency
D. Iron deficiency
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: Bitot's spots are keratinized patches on the conjunctiva, an early sign of Xerophthalmia due to Vitamin A deficiency.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q23.Question:
Deficiency of Vitamin D in adults leads to a condition known as:
Deficiency of Vitamin D in adults leads to a condition known as:
A. Rickets
B. Osteomalacia
C. Osteoporosis
D. Paget’s disease
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Osteomalacia is the softening of bones in adults due to defective mineralization (Vitamin D/Calcium deficiency). Rickets is the pediatric equivalent involving growth plates.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q24.Question:
Which vitamin facilitates the absorption of Non-Heme Iron from the diet?
Which vitamin facilitates the absorption of Non-Heme Iron from the diet?
A. Vitamin D
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin E
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) reduces ferric iron (Fe3+) to ferrous iron (Fe2+), which is the form absorbed by the intestines.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q25.Question:
The precursor for the synthesis of Niacin (Vitamin B3) in the body is:
The precursor for the synthesis of Niacin (Vitamin B3) in the body is:
A. Tyrosine
B. Tryptophan
C. Threonine
D. Phenylalanine
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: The liver can synthesize Niacin from the essential amino acid Tryptophan (approx 60 mg Tryptophan = 1 mg Niacin). Maize is low in Tryptophan, leading to Pellagra in maize-eaters.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q26.Question:
Which clotting factors depend on Vitamin K for their synthesis in the liver?
Which clotting factors depend on Vitamin K for their synthesis in the liver?
A. Factors I, II, V, VIII
B. Factors II, VII, IX, X
C. Factors III, V, VII, XI
D. Factors VIII, IX, XI, XII
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin K is a co-factor for the carboxylation of Glutamate residues in Factors II (Prothrombin), VII, IX, and X, activating them.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q27.Question:
The chemical name of Vitamin B1 is:
The chemical name of Vitamin B1 is:
A. Riboflavin
B. Niacin
C. Thiamine
D. Pyridoxine
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Thiamine is B1. Riboflavin is B2. Niacin is B3. Pyridoxine is B6. This is a classic direct question often asked in RRB exams.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q28.Question:
Hypervitaminosis A (Acute toxicity) can occur from the consumption of:
Hypervitaminosis A (Acute toxicity) can occur from the consumption of:
A. Carrots
B. Papaya
C. Polar Bear Liver
D. Spinach
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Polar Bear liver contains dangerously high concentrations of Retinol (Vitamin A), leading to acute toxicity (vomiting, headache, peeling skin). Plant sources (Carrots) contain beta-carotene, which does not cause acute toxicity.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q29.Question:
Which vitamin deficiency is associated with "Convulsions" in infants, especially those on specific formula feeds?
Which vitamin deficiency is associated with "Convulsions" in infants, especially those on specific formula feeds?
A. Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin A
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: Pyridoxine is essential for the synthesis of GABA (inhibitory neurotransmitter). Deficiency lowers seizure threshold, causing convulsions.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q30.Question:
The earliest functional symptom of Vitamin A deficiency is:
The earliest functional symptom of Vitamin A deficiency is:
A. Conjunctival Xerosis
B. Night Blindness (Nyctalopia)
C. Corneal Xerosis
D. Keratomalacia
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: The inability to see in dim light (Night Blindness) is the first symptom due to impaired rhodopsin regeneration in the retina rods. The structural changes (Xerosis) occur later.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q31.Question:
Which of the following conditions is caused by Vitamin D toxicity (Hypervitaminosis D)?
Which of the following conditions is caused by Vitamin D toxicity (Hypervitaminosis D)?
A. Hypocalcemia
B. Hypercalcemia and renal stones
C. Osteomalacia
D. Hypotension
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Excessive Vitamin D increases calcium absorption from the gut and bone resorption, leading to Hypercalcemia, which can cause kidney stones and metastatic calcification. Option A and C are deficiency states.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q32.Question:
"Phrynoderma" or "Toad Skin" (rough, dry skin with follicular hyperkeratosis) is associated with the deficiency of:
"Phrynoderma" or "Toad Skin" (rough, dry skin with follicular hyperkeratosis) is associated with the deficiency of:
A. Vitamin A and Essential Fatty Acids
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: Vitamin A maintains epithelial integrity. Its deficiency, along with a lack of Essential Fatty Acids (EFA), leads to blockage of hair follicles with keratin, resembling toad skin.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q33.Question:
Which vitamin is water-soluble and acts as an antioxidant?
Which vitamin is water-soluble and acts as an antioxidant?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin E
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin K
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin C is a potent water-soluble antioxidant. Vitamin E (Option B) is a fat-soluble antioxidant. Vitamins A and K are fat-soluble.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q34.Question:
A patient with chronic alcoholism is admitted with confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. The nurse anticipates an immediate prescription for:
A patient with chronic alcoholism is admitted with confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. The nurse anticipates an immediate prescription for:
A. IV Glucose
B. IV Thiamine
C. Oral Folate
D. IM Vitamin B12
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: These are signs of Wernicke's Encephalopathy. Thiamine must be given before or with glucose to prevent precipitation of the condition (glucose metabolism consumes thiamine stores).
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q35.Question:
The chemical name of Vitamin B12 is:
The chemical name of Vitamin B12 is:
A. Cyanocobalamin
B. Tocopherol
C. Phylloquinone
D. Calciferol
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: Cyanocobalamin is B12. Tocopherol is Vitamin E. Phylloquinone is Vitamin K1. Calciferol is Vitamin D.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q36.Question:
Which vitamin is essential for the conversion of Prothrombin to Thrombin?
Which vitamin is essential for the conversion of Prothrombin to Thrombin?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin K
C. Calcium (Mineral)
D. Vitamin E
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: While Vitamin K is needed to synthesize Prothrombin (Factor II), the actual conversion of Prothrombin to Thrombin during the clotting cascade requires Calcium (Factor IV) and Thromboplastin. Note: Read carefully. Synthesis = Vit K. Activation/Conversion = Calcium.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q37.Question:
"Rachitic Rosary" (beading of ribs) is a skeletal deformity seen in:
"Rachitic Rosary" (beading of ribs) is a skeletal deformity seen in:
A. Scurvy
B. Rickets
C. Osteoporosis
D. Fluorosis
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Rickets causes enlargement of the costochondral junctions, appearing like a string of beads on the chest wall. Scurvy (Option A) can cause "Scorbutic Rosary" which is sharper/angulated, but Rachitic is the classic rounded beading.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q38.Question:
Which vitamin deficiency can lead to "Neural Tube Defects" like Spina Bifida if not supplemented before conception?
Which vitamin deficiency can lead to "Neural Tube Defects" like Spina Bifida if not supplemented before conception?
A. Pyridoxine
B. Folic Acid
C. Riboflavin
D. Thiamine
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Folic Acid is crucial for neural tube closure which happens in the first 28 days of pregnancy, often before a woman knows she is pregnant.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q39.Question:
Vitamin E deficiency in premature infants can lead to:
Vitamin E deficiency in premature infants can lead to:
A. Hemolytic Anemia
B. Pernicious Anemia
C. Aplastic Anemia
D. Iron Deficiency Anemia
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: Vitamin E protects Red Blood Cell membranes from oxidative damage. Premature infants have low stores, making them susceptible to hemolysis (rupture of RBCs).
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q40.Question:
The "3 Ms" - Meat, Maize, and Molasses diet is historically associated with which deficiency disease?
The "3 Ms" - Meat, Maize, and Molasses diet is historically associated with which deficiency disease?
A. Beri-Beri
B. Pellagra
C. Scurvy
D. Rickets
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Maize (corn) lacks Tryptophan and Niacin is bound (unavailable). Populations subsisting on maize often developed Pellagra unless they processed the corn with lime (nixtamalization).
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q41.Question:
Which nutrient enhances the absorption of Calcium from the gastrointestinal tract?
Which nutrient enhances the absorption of Calcium from the gastrointestinal tract?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Iron
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin D stimulates the synthesis of Calcium-binding protein (Calbindin) in the intestinal mucosa, facilitating calcium absorption.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q42.Question:
Which of the following is an antagonist to Vitamin K?
Which of the following is an antagonist to Vitamin K?
A. Aspirin
B. Warfarin
C. Heparin
D. Streptokinase
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Warfarin (Coumadin) works by inhibiting the enzyme Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase, preventing the recycling of Vitamin K and thus blocking clotting factor synthesis.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q43.Question:
A strict vegetarian (vegan) patient presents with fatigue and numbness in fingers. The nurse suspects deficiency of:
A strict vegetarian (vegan) patient presents with fatigue and numbness in fingers. The nurse suspects deficiency of:
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin D
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: B12 is found exclusively in animal products. Deficiency takes years to develop but leads to anemia (fatigue) and neurological damage (numbness).
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q44.Question:
"Corneal Xerosis" is classified as which stage of Vitamin A deficiency according to WHO?
"Corneal Xerosis" is classified as which stage of Vitamin A deficiency according to WHO?
A. X1A
B. X1B
C. X2
D. X3A
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: WHO Classification: XN (Night blindness), X1A (Conjunctival Xerosis), X1B (Bitot's Spots), X2 (Corneal Xerosis), X3A/B (Keratomalacia).
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q45.Question:
Which vitamin is known as "Riboflavin"?
Which vitamin is known as "Riboflavin"?
A. Vitamin B1
B. Vitamin B2
C. Vitamin B6
D. Vitamin B12
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Riboflavin is B2. It is a component of coenzymes FAD and FMN involved in energy metabolism.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q46.Question:
Which vitamin is administered to a newborn to prevent "Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn"?
Which vitamin is administered to a newborn to prevent "Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn"?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin D
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Newborns have low Vitamin K stores and a sterile gut (no bacterial synthesis), putting them at risk of bleeding. 1 mg IM is standard prophylaxis.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q47.Question:
Excessive intake of which vitamin can cause "Pseudo-tumor cerebri" (Increased intracranial pressure)?
Excessive intake of which vitamin can cause "Pseudo-tumor cerebri" (Increased intracranial pressure)?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin E
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: Hypervitaminosis A (chronic toxicity) can cause raised ICP, mimicking a brain tumor (headache, papilledema, vomiting).
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q48.Question:
Which vitamin aids in wound healing and collagen formation?
Which vitamin aids in wound healing and collagen formation?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin E
D. Vitamin K
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin C is a cofactor for Prolyl hydroxylase, essential for stabilizing the collagen triple helix structure needed for tissue repair.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q49.Question:
"Casal’s Necklace" (dermatitis around the neck) is a pathognomonic sign of:
"Casal’s Necklace" (dermatitis around the neck) is a pathognomonic sign of:
A. Pellagra
B. Scurvy
C. Beri-Beri
D. Rickets
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: Pellagra causes photosensitive dermatitis. The area around the neck exposed to sun forms a characteristic collar-like rash known as Casal's Necklace.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q50.Question:
The daily requirement of Vitamin C for an adult is approximately:
The daily requirement of Vitamin C for an adult is approximately:
A. 10 mg
B. 40 mg
C. 100 mg
D. 500 mg
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ICMR guidelines recommend 40-80 mg depending on specific protocols (typically ~40-60 mg for adults). It is increased in pregnancy and smokers.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q51.Question:
Which vitamin is destroyed by exposure to light, necessitating that it be supplied in dark bottles?
Which vitamin is destroyed by exposure to light, necessitating that it be supplied in dark bottles?
A. Vitamin C
B. Riboflavin (B2)
C. Niacin (B3)
D. Thiamine (B1)
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Riboflavin is extremely photosensitive. Exposure to light causes photolysis, which is why milk (a good source) is rarely sold in clear glass bottles anymore and IV fluids containing B-complex must be protected from light.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q52.Question:
Which mineral is required for the synthesis of Vitamin B12?
Which mineral is required for the synthesis of Vitamin B12?
A. Iron
B. Cobalt
C. Copper
D. Zinc
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: The chemical structure of Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) contains a central Cobalt ion, which is essential for its biological activity.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q53.Question:
"Xerophthalmia" refers to:
"Xerophthalmia" refers to:
A. Dryness of the mouth
B. Dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea
C. Dryness of the skin
D. Night blindness
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Xerophthalmia literally means "dry eye," resulting from the loss of goblet cells and tears due to Vitamin A deficiency. Night blindness (Option D) is a symptom, but Xerophthalmia describes the dryness.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q54.Question:
Which vitamin is also known as "Pyridoxine"?
Which vitamin is also known as "Pyridoxine"?
A. Vitamin B1
B. Vitamin B2
C. Vitamin B6
D. Vitamin B12
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Pyridoxine is Vitamin B6. It plays a key role in amino acid metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis. B1 is Thiamine, B2 is Riboflavin.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q55.Question:
A patient with Scurvy is prescribed Vitamin C. The nurse instructs the patient to increase intake of:
A patient with Scurvy is prescribed Vitamin C. The nurse instructs the patient to increase intake of:
A. Meat and eggs
B. Citrus fruits and tomatoes
C. Cereals and pulses
D. Milk products
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Citrus fruits (oranges, lemons) and vegetables like tomatoes, broccoli, and peppers are rich sources of Vitamin C. Meat, grains, and dairy are generally poor sources.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q56.Question:
Which vitamin deficiency causes "Pigeon Chest" (Pectus Carinatum)?
Which vitamin deficiency causes "Pigeon Chest" (Pectus Carinatum)?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Rickets (Vitamin D deficiency) causes softening of the ribs, which can protrude anteriorly, creating a "pigeon chest" deformity.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q57.Question:
The absorption of Iron is hindered by the consumption of:
The absorption of Iron is hindered by the consumption of:
A. Orange juice
B. Tea and Coffee
C. Meat
D. Fish
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Tannins and Phytates present in tea and coffee bind to non-heme iron, forming insoluble complexes that reduce iron absorption. Vitamin C (Orange juice) enhances it.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q58.Question:
Biotin deficiency is rare but can be induced by eating large quantities of:
Biotin deficiency is rare but can be induced by eating large quantities of:
A. Raw fish
B. Raw egg whites
C. Raw meat
D. Polished rice
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Raw egg whites contain the protein Avidin, which binds biotin prevents its absorption. Raw fish (Option A) contains thiaminase which destroys Thiamine (B1). Polished rice (Option D) leads to Beri-Beri.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q59.Question:
"Gooseberry" (Amla) is a rich source of:
"Gooseberry" (Amla) is a rich source of:
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin E
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Indian Gooseberry (Amla) is one of the richest natural sources of Vitamin C and is often used in traditional medicine for this reason.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q60.Question:
Which vitamin acts as an antioxidant and prevents the oxidation of Vitamin A and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) in the body?
Which vitamin acts as an antioxidant and prevents the oxidation of Vitamin A and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) in the body?
A. Vitamin D
B. Vitamin E
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin B12
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin E (Tocopherol) is a major lipid-soluble antioxidant in cell membranes, protecting them (and Vitamin A) from oxidative damage by free radicals.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
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Frequently Asked Questions (Vitamins)
Q1: Which are the Fat-Soluble Vitamins?
Ans: The Fat-Soluble vitamins are **Vitamin A, D, E, and K**. They are stored in the body's fatty tissue and liver, so excessive intake can lead to toxicity (Hypervitaminosis).
Q2: Deficiency of which vitamin causes Pernicious Anemia?
Ans: Deficiency of **Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)** causes Pernicious Anemia. It often occurs due to a lack of "Intrinsic Factor" in the stomach, which is needed for B12 absorption.
Q3: Why is Vitamin K given to newborns immediately after birth?
Ans: Newborns have a sterile gut (no bacteria to produce Vitamin K). An injection of **Vitamin K** is given to prevent **Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn** (bleeding) by helping in clotting factor synthesis.
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