Reading Time: 8 Minutes | Quiz Included
India in 1946 had one doctor for every 6,300 people, almost no rural health infrastructure, and a life expectancy of just 32 years. The government knew the system was broken - but who would fix it, and how? The answer came through a series of expert committees, each appointed to study the health crisis and recommend solutions. Those recommendations shaped every PHC, every health worker, and every rural clinic that exists in India today.
At least one question from health committees appears in every nursing competitive exam in India - NORCET, RRB, ESIC, State PSC - and in international exams like NCLEX for candidates working in global health contexts. The examiner always tests specific details - who formed which committee, which year, and which recommendation came from which committee. These notes will make that crystal clear.
Table of Contents
1. Why Health Committees Were Formed
The State of India Before Independence
Before 1947, India's health system was designed to serve the colonial administration - not the general population. Hospitals were concentrated in cities. Rural areas had almost no medical care. Infectious diseases like malaria, tuberculosis, and cholera were killing millions every year with no organized public health response.
The British government had set up a limited health infrastructure, but it was grossly inadequate for a country of 350 million people. The life expectancy at birth was just 32 years. Infant mortality was around 162 per 1,000 live births. Something had to change - and change fundamentally.
The Purpose of Expert Committees
The government realized that rebuilding the health system needed expert guidance - not political decisions alone. So it appointed committees of doctors, public health experts, and administrators to study the existing system, identify gaps, and recommend specific solutions. Each committee was given a specific mandate and submitted a detailed report with short-term and long-term recommendations.
Understanding these committees is not just exam knowledge. It explains why India's health system is structured the way it is today - with Primary Health Centers at the base, District Hospitals in the middle, and Medical Colleges at the top. That three-tier structure came directly from one committee's recommendation.
2. Bhore Committee 1946 - The Foundation of Indian Healthcare
Formation and Background
The Health Survey and Development Committee was appointed in 1943 by the British Indian Government and submitted its report in 1946. It was chaired by Sir Joseph William Bhore, an Indian Civil Service officer. This committee is popularly known as the Bhore Committee and its report is considered the most comprehensive health survey ever conducted in India.
The committee had 25 members including doctors, public health experts, and women representatives. It visited every province, studied existing facilities, and produced a 4-volume report that became the blueprint for post-independence Indian healthcare.
Key Recommendations of Bhore Committee
| Recommendation | Detail | Exam Importance |
|---|---|---|
| 3-Tier Health System | Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary levels of healthcare to cover the entire population. | Most asked - "Which committee proposed 3-tier system?" Answer: Bhore. |
| Primary Health Unit | One Primary Health Unit for every 10,000-20,000 population with 6 beds, 1 doctor, 1 nurse, and supporting staff. | PHC concept = Bhore Committee. Always remember this. |
| Social Medicine | Introduced the concept of Social Medicine - treating disease in its social context, not just biological. | "Social medicine concept" = Bhore Committee. |
| Doctor-Population Ratio | Recommended 1 doctor per 1,000 population as the ideal ratio (India was far below this). | Short term goal was 1:40,000. Long term goal was 1:1,000. |
| Preventive and Curative Integration | Preventive and curative services should not be separate - integrate them at every level. | Integration concept = Bhore. Separation was the colonial approach. |
| Short Term and Long Term Plans | Short term: 3-5 years. Long term: 10-15 years. Both detailed separately. | Only Bhore Committee had both short and long term recommendations. |
3. Mudaliar Committee 1959 and Other Key Committees
Mudaliar Committee 1959
By the late 1950s, it was clear that Bhore's recommendations were not being implemented effectively. Resources were spread too thin and quality was suffering. The government appointed the Health Survey and Planning Committee in 1959, chaired by Dr. A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar, Vice Chancellor of Madras University.
Mudaliar's key message was simple - consolidate and improve what exists before expanding further. His committee felt that Bhore had been too ambitious and that India needed to focus on quality over quantity at this stage.
| Committee | Year | Chairman | Key Contribution | One Line Exam Trick |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mudaliar Committee | 1959 | Dr. A.L. Mudaliar | Consolidate existing PHCs before expanding. Upgrade district hospitals. Specialist services at district level. Recommended stopping new PHCs and strengthening existing ones. | Mudaliar = Quality over Quantity. Consolidation, not expansion. |
| Chadha Committee | 1963 | Dr. S.S. Chadha | Focused specifically on malaria eradication program. Reviewed the National Malaria Eradication Programme (NMEP) which had started in 1958. | Chadha = Malaria. Only committee focused on one specific disease. |
| Jungalwalla Committee | 1967 | Dr. N. Jungalwalla | Proposed integration of all health services under a unified cadre. Recommended one common health service for preventive and curative work. | Jungalwalla = Integration of health services. |
| Kartar Singh Committee | 1973 | Dr. Kartar Singh | Proposed the concept of Multipurpose Health Worker (MPHW) - one worker trained to perform multiple health tasks instead of separate workers for each program. | Kartar Singh = Multipurpose Health Worker. Most asked after Bhore and Mudaliar. |
| Shrivastav Committee | 1975 | Dr. J.B. Shrivastav | Recommended use of community health workers and paramedicals at village level. Emphasized training local people as health workers. Led to creation of Community Health Volunteer scheme. | Shrivastav = Community Health Workers at village level. |
| Bajaj Committee | 1986 | Dr. J.S. Bajaj | Reviewed health manpower in India. Recommended establishment of Bachelor of Rural Health Care (BRHC) course for rural health workers. Also reviewed medical education standards. | Bajaj = Health Manpower and BRHC course. |
4. Master Comparison Table - All Committees at a Glance
Bhore vs Mudaliar - The Most Tested Comparison
| Feature | Bhore Committee (1946) | Mudaliar Committee (1959) |
|---|---|---|
| Official Name | Health Survey and Development Committee | Health Survey and Planning Committee |
| Appointed By | British Indian Government | Government of India (post-independence) |
| Main Focus | Build a completely new health system from scratch | Review and consolidate existing system |
| Approach | Ambitious - quantity and coverage first | Realistic - quality and consolidation first |
| PHC | Proposed the original PHC concept | Said stop new PHCs, strengthen existing ones |
| District Level | Secondary level care at district | Specialist services at district hospitals |
| Special Concept | Social Medicine, 3-tier system | Quality over Quantity |
| Plan Type | Short term (3-5 yrs) and Long term (10-15 yrs) | Single integrated plan |
The 3-Tier Health System - Proposed by Bhore Committee
This is the most frequently asked topic from this entire chapter. The Bhore Committee proposed organizing India's health services into three clear levels:
| Tier | Level | Facility | Population Served |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary Level | First contact care | Primary Health Center (PHC), Sub-center | 30,000 population (PHC), 5,000 (Sub-center) |
| Secondary Level | Referral care | Community Health Center (CHC), District Hospital | 80,000-1,20,000 (CHC), District level |
| Tertiary Level | Specialized care | Medical College Hospital, AIIMS, Specialty Centers | State and national level |
Golden Points to Remember:
- Bhore = 1943 appointed, 1946 report: Students confuse appointment year with report year. Bhore Committee was appointed in 1943 but submitted its report in 1946. In exams when they say "Bhore Committee 1946" they mean the report year. Always write 1946 as the Bhore Committee year.
- Multipurpose Health Worker = Kartar Singh: This is the second most asked committee question after Bhore and Mudaliar. The concept of one health worker performing multiple tasks - family planning, immunization, maternal care, malaria control - was proposed by the Kartar Singh Committee in 1973. Before this, separate workers existed for each program.
- Mudaliar's Official Committee Name: The official name "Health Survey and Planning Committee" is asked directly in some exams. Bhore's official name was "Health Survey and Development Committee." Note the difference - Development vs Planning. Bhore was about building something new (Development). Mudaliar was about planning what already existed.
- Shrivastav and Community Health Workers: The concept of training local village people as health workers came from Shrivastav Committee 1975. This later evolved into the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) program under NRHM 2005. Shrivastav - community workers - ASHA is a logical chain worth remembering.
- People Also Ask - Which committee proposed 3-tier system: The answer is Bhore Committee. People Also Ask - What are 4 levels of PHC: Sub-center, PHC, CHC, and District Hospital are the 4 levels within the primary and secondary system. People Also Ask - Types of committees: Health survey committees are of two types - those that assessed the system (Bhore, Mudaliar) and those that focused on specific aspects (Chadha - malaria, Kartar Singh - health workers).
Quick Revision Before Quiz:
- Bhore Committee official name: Health Survey and Development Committee
- Bhore Committee year: Report 1946, Appointed 1943
- Bhore Committee chairman: Sir Joseph William Bhore
- Bhore proposed: 3-tier health system, PHC concept, Social Medicine
- Bhore doctor-population ratio goal: 1:1,000 (long term)
- Mudaliar Committee official name: Health Survey and Planning Committee
- Mudaliar Committee year: 1959
- Mudaliar chairman: Dr. A.L. Mudaliar
- Mudaliar approach: Quality over Quantity, consolidate existing PHCs
- Chadha Committee year: 1963
- Chadha focus: Malaria eradication
- Kartar Singh Committee year: 1973
- Kartar Singh proposed: Multipurpose Health Worker (MPHW)
- Shrivastav Committee year: 1975
- Shrivastav proposed: Community Health Workers at village level
- Bajaj Committee year: 1986
- Bajaj focus: Health Manpower, BRHC course
- 3-tier system proposed by: Bhore Committee
- PHC concept proposed by: Bhore Committee
- MPHW concept: Kartar Singh Committee 1973
- Shrivastav led to: ASHA workers under NRHM 2005
Health Committees Of India
Topics covered: Bhore, Mudaliar, etc.
This practice quiz contains 55 multiple choice questions with answers and explanations. Time limit: 30 minutes. Scoring: +1 correct, -0.25 incorrect. Use Exam Mode to simulate real exam, or Practice Mode for instant feedback.
Question 1: Which committee is also known as the "Health Survey and Development Committee"?
- A. Mudaliar Committee
- B. Chadah Committee
- C. Bhore Committee (Correct Answer)
- D. Kartar Singh Committee
Explanation: Established in 1943 and reporting in 1946, the Bhore Committee is the cornerstone of health planning in India. It is specifically titled "Development" because it aimed to provide a comprehensive blueprint for the future of the country's health infrastructure.
Question 2: The "Primary Health Centre" (PHC) concept in India was first recommended by which committee?
- A. Bhore Committee (Correct Answer)
- B. Shrivastav Committee
- C. Mukherjee Committee
- D. Jungalwalla Committee
Explanation: The Bhore Committee (1946) pioneered the idea of the PHC to serve as a hub for integrated preventive and curative health services for the rural masses.
Question 3: Which committee is known as the "Health Survey and Planning Committee"?
- A. Bhore Committee
- B. Kartar Singh Committee
- C. Chadah Committee
- D. Mudaliar Committee (Correct Answer)
Explanation: Set up in 1959 under Dr. A.L. Mudaliar, this committee was tasked with reviewing the progress made after the Bhore report and "planning" for improvements in the quality of health services.
Question 4: The concept of "Multipurpose Workers" (MPW) was introduced by which committee?
- A. Bhore Committee
- B. Kartar Singh Committee (Correct Answer)
- C. Shrivastav Committee
- D. Jungalwalla Committee
Explanation: In 1973, the Kartar Singh Committee recommended moving away from specialized workers (e.g., just for Malaria or just for Smallpox) to "Multipurpose Workers" who could handle a variety of health tasks in their assigned area.
Question 5: Which committee recommended the "Integration of Health Services" to eliminate private practice by government doctors?
- A. Chadah Committee
- B. Mukherjee Committee
- C. Mudaliar Committee
- D. Jungalwalla Committee (Correct Answer)
Explanation: The 1967 Jungalwalla Committee emphasized "Unified Health Services," arguing that government doctors should focus solely on public duties and be barred from private practice to ensure equity and quality.
Question 6: Village Health Guide" scheme and the creation of "Referral Services" were recommendations of the:
- A. Chadah Committee
- B. Mukherjee Committee
- C. Shrivastav Committee (Correct Answer)
- D. Kartar Singh Committee
Explanation: The 1975 Shrivastav Committee focused on "Medical Education and Support Manpower." It led to the Village Health Guide scheme, which empowered local community members to act as the first point of contact for healthcare.
Question 7: Which committee was specifically formed to study the arrangements for the "Maintenance Phase" of the National Malaria Eradication Programme?
- A. Mudaliar Committee
- B. Chadah Committee (Correct Answer)
- C. Bhore Committee
- D. Jungalwalla Committee
Explanation: In 1963, the Chadah Committee recommended that Basic Health Workers (BHW) should handle malaria vigilance as the program moved from the intensive attack phase to the long-term maintenance phase.
Question 8: The recommendation to have "One PHC for every 30,000 population" was initially a target suggested for the long-term by which committee?
- A. Mudaliar Committee
- B. Shrivastav Committee
- C. Kartar Singh Committee
- D. Bhore Committee (Correct Answer)
Explanation: While the Bhore Committee set short-term goals of one PHC per 40,000, their ambitious long-term vision was to have high-density coverage (even reaching 10k–20k per PHC) to ensure quality care.
Question 9: Which committee recommended that the "District Hospital" should be strengthened to serve as a central referral unit?
- A. Mudaliar Committee (Correct Answer)
- B. Mukherjee Committee
- C. Chadah Committee
- D. Shrivastav Committee
Explanation: The Mudaliar Committee argued that rather than rushing to build new, under-equipped PHCs, the government should focus on making District Hospitals high-quality referral centers.
Question 10: The "Mukherjee Committee" (1966) is primarily known for its recommendations regarding:
- A. Training of Nurses
- B. Working out the details of the Family Planning Programme (Correct Answer)
- C. Setting up the AIIMS
- D. Eradication of Polio
Explanation: This committee addressed the conflict where Malaria workers were too busy to help with Family Planning. It recommended separate staff for the Family Planning program to ensure it didn't suffer.
Question 11: Which committee is responsible for changing the designation of "ANM" to "Female Health Worker"?
- A. Mudaliar Committee
- B. Bhore Committee
- C. Kartar Singh Committee (Correct Answer)
- D. Jungalwalla Committee
Explanation: As part of the Multipurpose Worker reorganization in 1973, ANMs (Auxiliary Nurse Midwives) were renamed "Female Health Workers" (FHW) and LHVs (Lady Health Visitors) became "Female Health Supervisors."
Question 12: "Integration of health services" means:
- A. Combining curative and preventive services under one administrator (Correct Answer)
- B. Separating the hospital from the community
- C. Increasing the number of private clinics
- D. Closing down PHCs
Explanation: Integration means providing a "single window" for health. This was the core theme of the Jungalwalla Committee, aiming to prevent the fragmentation of healthcare programs.
Question 13: The Shrivastav Committee (1975) is also known as the:
- A. Health Survey and Development Committee
- B. Committee on Multipurpose Workers
- C. Committee on Integration of Health Services
- D. Group on Medical Education and Support Manpower (Correct Answer)
Explanation: The committee’s official mandate was to reorient medical education to better suit India's rural needs and to create a middle-tier cadre of "Health Assistants."
Question 14: Which committee was established before India's Independence?
- A. Bhore Committee (Correct Answer)
- B. Chadah Committee
- C. Mudaliar Committee
- D. Kartar Singh Committee
Explanation: The Bhore Committee was set up in 1943 by the British Indian Government, making it the foundational pre-independence health plan for the nation.
Question 15: The "3-tier system" of health care delivery in India (Sub-center, PHC, CHC) is a result of recommendations from multiple committees, but its foundation was laid by:
- A. Jungalwalla
- B. Mudaliar
- C. Bhore (Correct Answer)
- D. Kartar Singh
Explanation: By proposing the Primary Health Centre as the basic unit with referral links to higher centers, the Bhore Committee established the tiered structure of Indian healthcare.
Question 16: Which committee recommended that one "Male Health Worker" and one "Female Health Worker" (ANM) should be available for every 5,000 population?
- A. Bhore Committee
- B. Shrivastav Committee
- C. Mudaliar Committee
- D. Kartar Singh Committee (Correct Answer)
Explanation: The Kartar Singh Committee defined the modern "Sub-Center" staffing pattern, ensuring one male and one female multipurpose worker for every 5,000 people (and 3,000 in difficult terrains).
Question 17: The "ROME" (Reorientation of Medical Education) scheme was launched following the recommendations of which committee?
- A. Mukherjee Committee
- B. Shrivastav Committee (Correct Answer)
- C. Mudaliar Committee
- D. Jungalwalla Committee
Explanation: The Shrivastav Committee felt that medical education was too clinical/urban-centric. The ROME scheme was created to involve medical colleges directly in rural health delivery at PHCs.
Question 18: According to the "Bhore Committee", the short-term target for a Primary Health Centre (PHC) was to cover a population of:
- A. 40,000 (Correct Answer)
- B. 10,000
- C. 100,000
- D. 5,000
Explanation: In 1946, given the limited resources, the committee suggested a short-term goal of one PHC per 40,000 people, intending to reduce this number significantly in the long term.
Question 19: Which committee is credited with the idea of creating a "Specialist" cadre in the district hospitals?
- A. Chadah Committee
- B. Jungalwalla Committee
- C. Kartar Singh Committee
- D. Mudaliar Committee (Correct Answer)
Explanation: The Mudaliar Committee (1962) emphasized that district hospitals should be strengthened with specialists (Medicine, Surgery, OBG) to serve as effective referral points.
Question 20: The "Bajaj Committee" (1986) was primarily concerned with:
- A. Control of Malaria
- B. Building new hospitals
- C. Health Manpower Planning and Production (Correct Answer)
- D. Environmental sanitation
Explanation: Chaired by Prof. J.S. Bajaj, this committee estimated India's requirements for doctors, nurses, and paramedical staff and proposed a National Medical and Health Education Policy.
Question 21: Which committee recommended that "Basic Health Workers" should be responsible for collecting vital statistics (births and deaths) along with Malaria work?
- A. Bhore Committee
- B. Chadah Committee (Correct Answer)
- C. Jungalwalla Committee
- D. Shrivastav Committee
Explanation: The Chadah Committee (1963) wanted the village-level worker to handle both malaria surveillance and the recording of vital statistics to maximize their utility.
Question 22: The "Mukherjee Committee" (1965) was asked to review the strategy because the _______ was not performing well under the Chadah plan.
- A. Family Planning program (Correct Answer)
- B. Tuberculosis program
- C. Leprosy program
- D. Immunization program
Explanation: It was found that workers were so preoccupied with Malaria vigilance that Family Planning targets were being missed. The Mukherjee Committee was tasked with fixing this staffing conflict.
Question 23: Which committee suggested that a "Health Assistant" should supervise the work of 3 to 4 Health Workers?
- A. Kartar Singh Committee
- B. Bhore Committee
- C. Mudaliar Committee
- D. Shrivastav Committee (Correct Answer)
Explanation: The Shrivastav Committee recommended a "Health Assistant" cadre to act as the middle management between the PHC medical officer and the field-level multipurpose workers.
Question 24: The "Jungalwalla Committee" (1967) defined "Unified Health Services" as:
- A. Services only for the rich
- B. Common seniority, equal pay for equal work, and a single administrative hierarchy (Correct Answer)
- C. Services provided only by the central government
- D. One hospital for the entire country
Explanation: This definition was intended to remove disparities between different health cadres and ensure a streamlined command structure for all health programs.
Question 25: In the history of Indian health planning, the "B" in Bhore stands for "Beginner" in a way, as it was the first. What was its official title?
- A. Health Survey and Planning Committee
- B. Medical Education Review Committee
- C. Health Survey and Development Committee (Correct Answer)
- D. Rural Health Services Committee
Explanation: The Bhore Committee was titled "Development" because it was the first comprehensive attempt to develop a modern health infrastructure for India.
Question 26: Which committee recommended that the "Medical Officer" of a PHC should be in charge of all health programs in that area?
- A. Jungalwalla Committee (Correct Answer)
- B. Chadah Committee
- C. Mudaliar Committee
- D. Kartar Singh Committee
Explanation: To achieve "Integration," the Jungalwalla Committee insisted that the Medical Officer should have full administrative and financial control over all health activities in their block.
Question 27: The "Chadah Committee" recommended one Basic Health Worker for every _________ population.
- A. 5,000
- B. 30,000
- C. 1,000
- D. 10,000 (Correct Answer)
Explanation: The committee determined that a population of 10,000 was the optimal size for a single worker to manage malaria vigilance and basic vital records efficiently.
Question 28: Which committee proposed the creation of a "Social Physician" through specialized training in community medicine?
- A. Bhore Committee
- B. Shrivastav Committee (Correct Answer)
- C. Mudaliar Committee
- D. Bajaj Committee
Explanation: The Shrivastav Committee wanted doctors to be "Social Physicians"—clinicians who understand the socio-economic and environmental factors affecting their patients' health in rural settings.
Question 29: The "High Power Committee on Nursing" (1989) is commonly known as the:
- A. Kartar Singh Committee
- B. Bajaj Committee
- C. Sarojini Varadappan Committee (Correct Answer)
- D. Mukherjee Committee
Explanation: This committee was specifically established to address the professional status, educational requirements, and working conditions of nurses in India.
Question 30: Which committee first suggested that there should be "No Private Practice" for government medical officers?
- A. Mudaliar Committee
- B. Chadah Committee
- C. Jungalwalla Committee
- D. Bhore Committee (Correct Answer)
Explanation: Even in 1946, the Bhore Committee identified that private practice distracted government doctors from their public health responsibilities. This stance was later echoed by the Jungalwalla Committee.
Question 31: In which year did the "Bhore Committee" submit its final report to the Government of India?
- A. 1946 (Correct Answer)
- B. 1943
- C. 1950
- D. 1948
Explanation: The committee was formed in 1943 during the British Raj but finalized its landmark four-volume report in 1946.
Question 32: The "Kartar Singh Committee" recommended that "Lady Health Visitors" (LHV) should be designated as:
- A. Public Health Nurses
- B. Female Health Supervisors (Correct Answer)
- C. Senior ANM
- D. Community Health Officers
Explanation: To align with the Multipurpose Worker scheme, the committee reorganized titles: ANMs became Female Health Workers, and LHVs became Female Health Supervisors.
Question 33: Which committee first recommended that a "Secondary Health Centre" should be established to serve as a link between PHCs and District Hospitals?
- A. Mudaliar Committee
- B. Jungalwalla Committee
- C. Bhore Committee (Correct Answer)
- D. Shrivastav Committee
Explanation: In their long-term visionary plan, the Bhore Committee suggested a Secondary Health Centre to supervise and act as a referral unit for about 30 PHCs.
Question 34: The "Chadah Committee" (1963) suggested that the "Basic Health Worker" (BHW) should visit every house once a:
- A. Week
- B. Year
- C. Fortnight (15 days)
- D. Month (Correct Answer)
Explanation: The monthly visit schedule was designed specifically for active malaria surveillance—looking for fever cases and monitoring the "maintenance phase" of eradication.
Question 35: Which committee was formed in 1965 to specifically review the "Staffing Pattern" of the Family Planning program?
- A. Chadah Committee
- B. Mukherjee Committee (Correct Answer)
- C. Bajaj Committee
- D. Kartar Singh Committee
Explanation: The Mukherjee Committee of 1965 (distinct from the 1966 one) was tasked with creating a specific administrative and staffing framework for the Family Planning program.
Question 36: Which committee recommended that "Primary Health Centres" should not be increased until the existing ones are fully staffed and equipped?
- A. Mudaliar Committee (Correct Answer)
- B. Shrivastav Committee
- C. Kartar Singh Committee
- D. Bhore Committee
Explanation: The Mudaliar Committee prioritized quality over quantity, advising the government to fix existing infrastructure before expanding the number of PHCs.
Question 37: The "Sokhey Committee" (1948) was primarily concerned with:
- A. Nursing education
- B. Controlling Tuberculosis
- C. Pharmaceutical and Drug manufacturing in India (Correct Answer)
- D. Rural water supply
Explanation: Chaired by Sir Sahib Singh Sokhey, this committee focused on making India self-sufficient in the production of essential drugs and vaccines immediately after independence.
Question 38: According to the "Kartar Singh Committee", one "Male Health Supervisor" should supervise how many "Male Health Workers"?
- A. 2 to 3
- B. 10
- C. 5 to 6
- D. 3 to 4 (Correct Answer)
Explanation: The committee recommended a 1:4 supervision ratio (one supervisor for every four workers) to ensure adequate field-level monitoring and technical guidance.
Question 39: Which committee recommended the "Creation of an All-India Health Service" similar to the Indian Administrative Service (IAS)?
- A. Jungalwalla Committee
- B. Both Bhore and Mudaliar Committees (Correct Answer)
- C. Kartar Singh Committee
- D. Shrivastav Committee
Explanation: Both the 1946 Bhore report and the 1962 Mudaliar report strongly advocated for a specialized "Indian Medical and Health Service" to provide professional leadership to the health sector.
Question 40: The "National Health Policy" (1983) was developed largely based on the background work and atmosphere created by which committee?
- A. Shrivastav Committee (Correct Answer)
- B. Chadah Committee
- C. Mukherjee Committee
- D. Bajaj Committee
Explanation: The Shrivastav Committee's emphasis on "Health for All" and community-based health workers laid the groundwork for the 1983 National Health Policy.
Question 41: The "Kartar Singh Committee" is well known for emphasizing the hierarchy of workers. Which of the following is their key supervisory theme?
- A. "Quality over Quantity"
- B. "Private Practice is detrimental"
- C. "No worker should be left without a supervisor" (Correct Answer)
- D. "A PHC for every 10,000 people"
Explanation: A major focus of the Kartar Singh Committee was ensuring that every multipurpose field worker was properly managed by a designated supervisor (Health Assistant).
Question 42: The "Mehta Committee" (1957), although primarily for Panchayati Raj, significantly impacted health by recommending:
- A. Closing all PHCs
- B. Moving hospitals to cities only
- C. Nationalizing all doctors
- D. Decentralization of power to the village level (Correct Answer)
Explanation: By establishing the 3-tier Panchayati Raj system, the Mehta Committee allowed health services to be monitored and managed by local government bodies (Gram Panchayats, etc.).
Question 43: Which committee was the first to emphasize "Industrial Health" and the health of factory workers?
- A. Chadah Committee
- B. Bhore Committee (Correct Answer)
- C. Shrivastav Committee
- D. Jungalwalla Committee
Explanation: The Bhore report was exceptionally thorough, including dedicated sections on environmental sanitation, housing, and the health of industrial workers.
Question 44: The recommendation of "Health Cess" (a small tax) on patients attending hospitals (except the poor) was made by which committee to generate funds?
- A. Mudaliar Committee (Correct Answer)
- B. Bhore Committee
- C. Shrivastav Committee
- D. Kartar Singh Committee
Explanation: Recognizing the immense cost of modern healthcare, the Mudaliar Committee suggested a "Health Cess" (token fee) for those who could afford it to help fund public health.
Question 45: Which committee is associated with the training of "Dais" (Traditional Birth Attendants) to improve maternal health in villages?
- A. Chadah Committee
- B. Jungalwalla Committee
- C. Shrivastav Committee (Correct Answer)
- D. Mukherjee Committee
Explanation: The Shrivastav Committee acknowledged that most rural births were still performed by local Dais, so they recommended formal training to improve safety and maternal outcomes.
Question 46: The "Village Health Guide" scheme, recommended by the Shrivastav Committee, aimed to have one Health Guide for every:
- A. 5,000 population
- B. 100 population
- C. 10,000 population
- D. 1,000 population (Correct Answer)
Explanation: The goal was to have one trained community member per village (roughly 1,000 people) to act as a bridge between the community and the formal health system.
Question 47: Which committee recommended that the "ANM" (Female Health Worker) training should be 1.5 years (18 months)?
- A. Kartar Singh Committee (Correct Answer)
- B. Bhore Committee
- C. Jungalwalla Committee
- D. Mudaliar Committee
Explanation: To prepare ANMs for the broader "Multipurpose Worker" role, the committee standardized their training to 18 months, covering various preventive and basic curative skills.
Question 48: The "Sarojini Varadappan Committee" (1989) recommended which of the following for the nursing profession?
- A. Reducing the salary of nurses
- B. Appointment of a "Nursing Advisor" at the state level (Correct Answer)
- C. Closing down GNM schools
- D. Increasing the working hours to 12 hours
Explanation: The committee aimed to give nurses a voice in high-level policy making by recommending the creation of Nursing Directorates and Nursing Advisors at both State and Central levels.
Question 49: Which committee is also known as the "Committee on Integration of Health Services"?
- A. Chadah Committee
- B. Mukherjee Committee
- C. Jungalwalla Committee (Correct Answer)
- D. Kartar Singh Committee
Explanation: Reporting in 1967, this committee's primary focus was the "Integration of Health Services" to prevent program silos and administrative duplication.
Question 50: The "Rural Health Scheme" (1977) was a direct outcome of the recommendations made by:
- A. Bhore Committee
- B. Mudaliar Committee
- C. Chadah Committee
- D. Shrivastav Committee (Correct Answer)
Explanation: Following the 1975 Shrivastav report, the Rural Health Scheme was launched in 1977 to place "Health in the hands of the people" via community-based workers.
Question 51: Which committee suggested that the "National Malaria Eradication Programme" (NMEP) was ready for the "Maintenance Phase"?
- A. Mukherjee Committee
- B. Chadah Committee (Correct Answer)
- C. Kartar Singh Committee
- D. Jungalwalla Committee
Explanation: In 1963, the Chadah Committee evaluated the NMEP and determined that the intensive spray phases had succeeded enough to move to a long-term vigilance/maintenance phase.
Question 52: The "Mudaliar Committee" (1962) suggested that the population coverage for a single PHC should not exceed:
- A. 40,000 (Correct Answer)
- B. 10,000
- C. 100,000
- D. 2,000
Explanation: The Mudaliar Committee reaffirmed the Bhore Committee's short-term goal of one PHC per 40,000, emphasizing that this was the maximum manageable limit for a single unit at that time.
Question 53: "One Lady Health Visitor (LHV) for every 2 PHCs" was a recommendation made by:
- A. Mudaliar Committee
- B. Kartar Singh Committee
- C. Bhore Committee (Correct Answer)
- D. Chadah Committee
Explanation: In their high-quality long-term vision, the Bhore Committee wanted intensive supervision for maternal and child health, suggesting one LHV per two PHCs.
Question 54: Which committee recommended that the "Central Health Council" should be established as a policy-making body?
- A. Mudaliar Committee
- B. Jungalwalla Committee
- C. Kartar Singh Committee
- D. Bhore Committee (Correct Answer)
Explanation: The Bhore Committee recognized the need for a national body to coordinate health policy between the Center and the States, leading to the creation of the Central Council of Health.
Question 55: The "Health Manpower" produced by the "ROME" scheme (Shrivastav Committee) was primarily meant to serve in:
- A. Private city hospitals
- B. Rural areas and Primary Health Centres (Correct Answer)
- C. Foreign countries
- D. Medical research labs
Explanation: The Reorientation of Medical Education (ROME) was designed specifically to produce doctors who were willing and trained to serve the rural population of India.
Frequently Asked Questions (Health Committees in India)
Q1: Which committee proposed the 3-tier health care system in India? Ans: The Bhore Committee (Health Survey and Development Committee, 1946), chaired by Sir Joseph William Bhore, proposed the 3-tier health system for India. The three tiers are - Primary level (Sub-center and PHC), Secondary level (CHC and District Hospital), and Tertiary level (Medical College Hospitals and Specialty Centers). This remains the structural framework of India's public health system today. Q2: What are the 4 levels of PHC in India's health system? Ans: Within India's public health structure, the four facility levels from grassroots to district are - Sub-center (covers 5,000 population, staffed by ANM and MPW), Primary Health Center or PHC (covers 30,000 population, has 1 doctor and 14 paramedical staff, 6 beds), Community Health Center or CHC (covers 80,000-1,20,000 population, 30 beds, 4 specialists), and District Hospital (serves the entire district population with full specialist services). These levels were originally proposed by the Bhore Committee. Q3: Which committee proposed the concept of the Multipurpose Health Worker in India? Ans: The Kartar Singh Committee (1973), chaired by Dr. Kartar Singh, proposed the concept of the Multipurpose Health Worker (MPHW). Before this committee, separate health workers existed for each specific program - one for malaria, one for family planning, one for immunization. The Kartar Singh Committee recommended training a single worker to handle multiple health tasks, making the system more efficient and reducing duplication of effort at the grassroots level.Question for You:
A nursing student is studying for her NORCET exam and reads that one health committee recommended stopping the establishment of new Primary Health Centers and instead focusing on strengthening the ones that already exist. Which committee gave this recommendation?
A. Bhore Committee 1946.
B. Kartar Singh Committee 1973.
C. Mudaliar Committee 1959.
D. Shrivastav Committee 1975.
Drop your answer in the comments - whether you are preparing for NORCET, RRB, or any other nursing exam, let us see how ready you are.
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