Pharmacology: Dosage Calculations & Drug Forms Quiz
Drug Dosage Calculation is a critical skill for every nurse to ensure patient safety. In today's Daily Mock Test, we tackle the mathematical side of Pharmacology.
This quiz covers high-yield questions on Universal Dosage Formulas, IV Drip Rate Calculations, and Pediatric Dosage Rules (Young’s, Clark’s, and Fried’s Rule). We also cover the classification of Types of Drugs based on forms (Solid, Liquid, Semisolid) and routes. These calculation-based MCQs are essential for clearing AIIMS NORCET, ESIC, and NCLEX-RN exams.
Pharmacology: Drug Calculations
Q1.Question:
A patient is ordered to receive 1000 ml of Normal Saline over 8 hours. The drop factor of the IV set is 20 drops/ml. What is the flow rate in drops per minute?
A patient is ordered to receive 1000 ml of Normal Saline over 8 hours. The drop factor of the IV set is 20 drops/ml. What is the flow rate in drops per minute?
A. 21 drops/min
B. 32 drops/min
C. 42 drops/min
D. 60 drops/min
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: ionale: Answer C is correct based on the formula: (Total Volume in ml × Drop Factor) ÷ (Time in minutes). Calculation: (1000 × 20) ÷ (8 × 60) = 20000 ÷ 480 = 41.66, rounded to 42 drops/min.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q2.Question:
Which rule is used to calculate the pediatric drug dosage based on the child’s age (for children 1 to 12 years)?
Which rule is used to calculate the pediatric drug dosage based on the child’s age (for children 1 to 12 years)?
A. Clark’s Rule
B. Young’s Rule
C. Fried’s Rule
D. Rule of Nine
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct because Young's Rule uses the formula: (Age in years ÷ [Age + 12]) × Adult Dose. Option A (Clark's Rule) is based on weight. Option C (Fried's Rule) is for infants under 1 year. Option D is for burns.
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Q3.Question:
What is the standard concentration of Adrenaline (Epinephrine) used for Anaphylactic Shock via the Intramuscular (IM) route?
What is the standard concentration of Adrenaline (Epinephrine) used for Anaphylactic Shock via the Intramuscular (IM) route?
A. 1:1,000
B. 1:10,000
C. 1:100,000
D. 1:100
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: ionale: Answer A is correct because the 1:1,000 concentration (1 mg/ml) is used for IM administration in anaphylaxis to provide rapid systemic effect. Option B (1:10,000) is used for IV administration during cardiac arrest.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q4.Question:
The physician orders Tablet Digoxin 0.125 mg orally. The available stock is Digoxin 0.25 mg per tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer?
The physician orders Tablet Digoxin 0.125 mg orally. The available stock is Digoxin 0.25 mg per tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer?
A. 1 tablet
B. 2 tablets
C. 0.5 tablet
D. 1.5 tablets
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: ionale: Answer C is correct based on the formula: Desired Dose ÷ Hand Dose. Calculation: 0.125 ÷ 0.25 = 0.5. Therefore, half a tablet is administered.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q5.Question:
Which of the following abbreviations indicates that a medication should be given "at bedtime"?
Which of the following abbreviations indicates that a medication should be given "at bedtime"?
A. hs
B. ac
C. pc
D. od
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: ionale: Answer A is correct because "hs" (hora somni) stands for at bedtime. Option B "ac" means before meals. Option C "pc" means after meals. Option D "od" means once a day.
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Q6.Question:
What is the specific antidote for Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) poisoning?
What is the specific antidote for Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) poisoning?
A. Atropine Sulfate
B. Acetylcysteine (N-acetylcysteine)
C. Flumazenil
D. Naloxone
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct because N-acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione levels in the liver, preventing hepatotoxicity from the toxic metabolite of paracetamol. Option C is for Benzodiazepines. Option D is for Opioids.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q7.Question:
A patient weighing 60 kg requires Dopamine at 5 mcg/kg/min. How many mcg per minute should be administered?
A patient weighing 60 kg requires Dopamine at 5 mcg/kg/min. How many mcg per minute should be administered?
A. 100 mcg/min
B. 200 mcg/min
C. 300 mcg/min
D. 400 mcg/min
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: ionale: Answer C is correct. Calculation: Weight (60 kg) × Dose (5 mcg) = 300 mcg/minute.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q8.Question:
The "Therapeutic Index" of a drug refers to:
The "Therapeutic Index" of a drug refers to:
A. The time required for half the drug to be eliminated
B. The ratio between the toxic dose and the therapeutic dose
C. The maximum effect a drug can produce
D. The absorption rate of the drug
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct because Therapeutic Index (TI) indicates the safety margin of a drug (LD50/ED50). A narrow TI (like Digoxin) requires close monitoring for toxicity. Option A refers to Half-life.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q9.Question:
Which route of drug administration provides 100% bioavailability?
Which route of drug administration provides 100% bioavailability?
A. Oral
B. Intramuscular
C. Intravenous
D. Subcutaneous
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: ionale: Answer C is correct because the Intravenous (IV) route places the drug directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the first-pass metabolism in the liver, thus ensuring 100% absorption.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q10.Question:
Using the Parkland Formula, calculate the total fluid requirement for the first 24 hours for a 60 kg patient with 40% TBSA burns. (Formula: 4 ml × kg × %Burn).
Using the Parkland Formula, calculate the total fluid requirement for the first 24 hours for a 60 kg patient with 40% TBSA burns. (Formula: 4 ml × kg × %Burn).
A. 4800 ml
B. 7200 ml
C. 9600 ml
D. 12000 ml
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: ionale: Answer C is correct. Formula: 4 ml × 60 kg × 40 = 9600 ml. Half of this (4800 ml) is given in the first 8 hours, and the remaining half in the next 16 hours.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q11.Question:
To convert degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius, which formula is used?
To convert degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius, which formula is used?
A. (F - 32) × 5/9
B. (F + 32) × 5/9
C. (F - 32) × 9/5
D. (F × 9/5) + 32
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: ionale: Answer A is correct. To convert Fahrenheit to Celsius, subtract 32 from the Fahrenheit value and multiply by 5/9 (or divide by 1.8). Option D is the formula for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q12.Question:
A patient is prescribed Amoxicillin suspension 250 mg. The bottle label reads "125 mg per 5 ml". How many ml should the nurse administer?
A patient is prescribed Amoxicillin suspension 250 mg. The bottle label reads "125 mg per 5 ml". How many ml should the nurse administer?
A. 2.5 ml
B. 5 ml
C. 10 ml
D. 15 ml
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: ionale: Answer C is correct based on the formula: (Desired Dose ÷ Hand Dose) × Quantity. Calculation: (250 ÷ 125) × 5 ml = 2 × 5 = 10 ml.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q13.Question:
Which of the following drugs is classified as a "High-Alert Medication" requiring double-checking by two nurses?
Which of the following drugs is classified as a "High-Alert Medication" requiring double-checking by two nurses?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Paracetamol
C. Insulin
D. Ranitidine
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: ionale: Answer C is correct because Insulin (along with Heparin, Chemotherapy, and Electrolytes like KCl) has a narrow therapeutic index and a high risk of causing significant patient harm if used in error.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q14.Question:
Clark's Rule for calculating pediatric dosage is based on the child's:
Clark's Rule for calculating pediatric dosage is based on the child's:
A. Age in months
B. Age in years
C. Weight in pounds (lbs)
D. Body Surface Area (BSA)
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: ionale: Answer C is correct because Clark's Rule uses weight: (Weight in lbs ÷ 150) × Adult Dose. If using kg, the formula is (Weight in kg ÷ 70) × Adult Dose. Option A is Fried's Rule. Option B is Young's Rule.
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Q15.Question:
The physician orders 500 ml of Dextrose 5% to be infused over 4 hours using a micro-drip set. The drop factor for a micro-drip is:
The physician orders 500 ml of Dextrose 5% to be infused over 4 hours using a micro-drip set. The drop factor for a micro-drip is:
A. 10 drops/ml
B. 15 drops/ml
C. 20 drops/ml
D. 60 drops/ml
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: D
Rationale: ionale: Answer D is correct because a standard micro-drip set always has a drop factor of 60 drops/ml (60 microdrops = 1 ml). Macro-drip sets are usually 10, 15, or 20 drops/ml.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q16.Question:
Which drug is an "Osmotic Diuretic" used to reduce intracranial pressure?
Which drug is an "Osmotic Diuretic" used to reduce intracranial pressure?
A. Furosemide
B. Mannitol
C. Spironolactone
D. Hydrochlorothiazide
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct because Mannitol increases the osmolarity of blood, drawing fluid out of edematous brain tissue into the vascular space to be excreted. Option A (Lasix) is a Loop Diuretic.
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Q17.Question:
When calculating IV flow rates, if the answer is 31.6 drops per minute, the nurse should set the rate at:
When calculating IV flow rates, if the answer is 31.6 drops per minute, the nurse should set the rate at:
A. 30 drops/min
B. 31 drops/min
C. 32 drops/min
D. 31.5 drops/min
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: ionale: Answer C is correct because drops cannot be fractionated on a standard IV set; standard practice is to round to the nearest whole number. 31.6 rounds up to 32.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q18.Question:
"Sublingual" administration means placing the drug:
"Sublingual" administration means placing the drug:
A. Inside the cheek
B. Under the tongue
C. Into the rectum
D. On the skin
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct because the sublingual area has a rich blood supply for rapid absorption. Option A refers to Buccal administration. Option D refers to Transdermal/Topical.
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Q19.Question:
One teaspoon (tsp) is equivalent to approximately how many milliliters (ml)?
One teaspoon (tsp) is equivalent to approximately how many milliliters (ml)?
A. 2 ml
B. 5 ml
C. 10 ml
D. 15 ml
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct because 1 standard teaspoon is equal to 5 ml. One tablespoon (tbsp) is equal to 15 ml (Option D).
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Q20.Question:
Which category of drugs is known to cause "Red Man Syndrome" if infused too rapidly?
Which category of drugs is known to cause "Red Man Syndrome" if infused too rapidly?
A. Penicillins
B. Vancomycin
C. Cephalosporins
D. Aminoglycosides
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct because rapid infusion of Vancomycin triggers histamine release, causing flushing (redness) of the face, neck, and chest. It is not a true allergy but an infusion reaction.
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Q21.Question:
Calculate the BMI (Body Mass Index) of a patient weighing 70 kg with a height of 1.75 meters.
Calculate the BMI (Body Mass Index) of a patient weighing 70 kg with a height of 1.75 meters.
A. 20.5
B. 22.8
C. 24.5
D. 26.2
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct based on the formula: Weight (kg) ÷ Height (m²). Calculation: 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) = 70 ÷ 3.0625 = 22.85 (approx 22.8).
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q22.Question:
The abbreviation "STAT" in a medication order implies that the drug should be given:
The abbreviation "STAT" in a medication order implies that the drug should be given:
A. Whenever necessary
B. Immediately and once only
C. Within 1 hour
D. Twice a day
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct because STAT (from Latin statim) means immediately, usually within 15 minutes, and is a single-dose order. Option A is PRN.
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Q23.Question:
A patient is to receive 1 liter of fluid over 10 hours. The IV set delivers 15 drops/ml. Calculate the drops per minute.
A patient is to receive 1 liter of fluid over 10 hours. The IV set delivers 15 drops/ml. Calculate the drops per minute.
A. 15 drops/min
B. 25 drops/min
C. 30 drops/min
D. 50 drops/min
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct. Formula: (Volume × Drop Factor) ÷ (Time in mins). Calculation: (1000 × 15) ÷ (10 × 60) = 15000 ÷ 600 = 25 drops/min.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q24.Question:
Which of the following is an example of a "Teratogenic" drug that should be avoided in pregnancy?
Which of the following is an example of a "Teratogenic" drug that should be avoided in pregnancy?
A. Paracetamol
B. Folic Acid
C. Thalidomide
D. Methyldopa
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: ionale: Answer C is correct because Thalidomide causes severe congenital defects (phocomelia/limb defects) and is the classic example of a teratogen. Option A and D are generally safe.
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Q25.Question:
The antidote for Heparin overdose is:
The antidote for Heparin overdose is:
A. Vitamin K
B. Protamine Sulfate
C. Calcium Gluconate
D. Aminocaproic Acid
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct because Protamine Sulfate neutralizes Heparin. Vitamin K (Option A) is the antidote for Warfarin.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q26.Question:
To prepare a 1:1000 solution from a 100% stock solution, how much solvent must be added to 1 ml of stock?
To prepare a 1:1000 solution from a 100% stock solution, how much solvent must be added to 1 ml of stock?
A. 9 ml
B. 99 ml
C. 999 ml
D. 1000 ml
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: ionale: Answer C is correct. A 1:1000 solution means 1 part solute in 1000 parts total solution. If you have 1 ml of solute, you need to add 999 ml of solvent to reach a total volume of 1000 ml.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q27.Question:
Which injection angle is correct for an Intradermal (ID) injection?
Which injection angle is correct for an Intradermal (ID) injection?
A. 10 to 15 degrees
B. 45 degrees
C. 90 degrees
D. 30 degrees
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: ionale: Answer A is correct because ID injections (e.g., Mantoux, Sensitivity tests) are given into the dermis just below the epidermis at a 10-15 degree angle to form a wheal. Option B is SC. Option C is IM.
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Q28.Question:
A patient is prescribed 20 mEq of KCl. The available vial contains 40 mEq in 20 ml. How much volume should be drawn?
A patient is prescribed 20 mEq of KCl. The available vial contains 40 mEq in 20 ml. How much volume should be drawn?
A. 5 ml
B. 10 ml
C. 15 ml
D. 20 ml
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct. Formula: (Desired ÷ Hand) × Quantity. Calculation: (20 ÷ 40) × 20 ml = 0.5 × 20 = 10 ml.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q29.Question:
Drugs that have a "high first-pass effect" are:
Drugs that have a "high first-pass effect" are:
A. Metabolized extensively in the liver before reaching systemic circulation
B. Excreted rapidly by the kidneys
C. Absorbed completely in the stomach
D. Not metabolized at all
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: ionale: Answer A is correct because the first-pass effect occurs when oral drugs are absorbed from the gut and transported via the portal vein to the liver, where a large portion is metabolized before reaching the rest of the body (reducing bioavailability).
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q30.Question:
Atropine is used in the management of:
Atropine is used in the management of:
A. Tachycardia
B. Bradycardia
C. Hypertension
D. Hyperthermia
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct because Atropine is an anticholinergic that blocks vagal inhibition, increasing heart rate. It is the drug of choice for symptomatic bradycardia.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q31.Question:
A patient is ordered 250 mg of Erythromycin. The oral suspension is available as 125 mg/5 ml. How many teaspoons should the nurse instruct the patient to take?
A patient is ordered 250 mg of Erythromycin. The oral suspension is available as 125 mg/5 ml. How many teaspoons should the nurse instruct the patient to take?
A. 1 teaspoon
B. 2 teaspoons
C. 3 teaspoons
D. 4 teaspoons
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct. First calculate ml: (250 mg ÷ 125 mg) × 5 ml = 10 ml. Since 1 teaspoon = 5 ml, then 10 ml = 2 teaspoons.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q32.Question:
Which of the following describes a "Synergistic Effect" of two drugs?
Which of the following describes a "Synergistic Effect" of two drugs?
A. The effect of two drugs is less than the sum of their individual effects
B. The effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of their individual effects
C. The combined effect of two drugs is greater than the sum of their individual effects
D. One drug cancels out the effect of the other
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: ionale: Answer C is correct because Synergism (Potentiation) occurs when the interaction causes an effect greater than the simple addition of the two separate effects (1+1 > 2). Option B is Additive effect. Option D is Antagonism.
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Q33.Question:
The Z-track technique for Intramuscular injection is primarily used to:
The Z-track technique for Intramuscular injection is primarily used to:
A. Reduce pain during needle insertion
B. Prevent leakage of medication into subcutaneous tissue
C. Increase the speed of absorption
D. Avoid hitting a nerve
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct because Z-track displaces the skin layers before insertion; upon release, the track is sealed, preventing irritating medication (like Iron) from leaking back into the subcutaneous tissue and staining/irritating it.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q34.Question:
To prepare 500 ml of 5% Dextrose solution using 50% Dextrose and sterile water, how much 50% Dextrose is required?
To prepare 500 ml of 5% Dextrose solution using 50% Dextrose and sterile water, how much 50% Dextrose is required?
A. 25 ml
B. 50 ml
C. 100 ml
D. 250 ml
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct using the formula: (Required % ÷ Available %) × Volume. (5% ÷ 50%) × 500 ml = 0.1 × 500 = 50 ml. You mix 50 ml of 50% Dextrose with 450 ml of water.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q35.Question:
Which drug is contraindicated in patients with a history of Bronchial Asthma?
Which drug is contraindicated in patients with a history of Bronchial Asthma?
A. Paracetamol
B. Propranolol
C. Ranitidine
D. Amlodipine
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct because Propranolol is a non-selective Beta-blocker. It blocks Beta-2 receptors in the lungs, causing bronchoconstriction, which can trigger a severe asthma attack.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q36.Question:
A patient receives 1000 ml of IV fluid in 6 hours. Calculate the flow rate in ml/hour.
A patient receives 1000 ml of IV fluid in 6 hours. Calculate the flow rate in ml/hour.
A. 125 ml/hr
B. 150 ml/hr
C. 166 ml/hr
D. 200 ml/hr
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: ionale: Answer C is correct based on the formula: Total Volume ÷ Total Hours. Calculation: 1000 ÷ 6 = 166.66, rounded to 166 or 167 ml/hr.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q37.Question:
"Tachyphylaxis" refers to:
"Tachyphylaxis" refers to:
A. Rapid development of tolerance to a drug after repeated doses
B. Severe allergic reaction
C. Slow absorption of a drug
D. Accumulation of drug in the body
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: ionale: Answer A is correct because Tachyphylaxis is the acute, rapid decrease in response to a drug after its administration (rapid tolerance), often seen with nitrates or decongestants.
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Q38.Question:
Which needle gauge is most appropriate for administering a blood transfusion?
Which needle gauge is most appropriate for administering a blood transfusion?
A. 24 G
B. 22 G
C. 18 G
D. 26 G
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: ionale: Answer C is correct because a large bore needle (18 G or 20 G) is required to prevent hemolysis (damage to red blood cells) during transfusion. 22 G or smaller is too narrow for RBCs to flow freely without damage.
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Q39.Question:
The term "Parenteral" administration implies routes other than the:
The term "Parenteral" administration implies routes other than the:
A. Respiratory tract
B. Gastrointestinal tract
C. Skin
D. Mucous membranes
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct because Enteral refers to the GI tract (Oral, NG, Rectal). Parenteral (Para + Enteron) means "outside the intestine," typically referring to injections (IV, IM, SC).
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Q40.Question:
If a medication order reads "Tab. PCM 500 mg PO SOS", when should the nurse administer it?
If a medication order reads "Tab. PCM 500 mg PO SOS", when should the nurse administer it?
A. Immediately
B. Once a day
C. Whenever necessary in case of emergency/symptom
D. Before meals
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: ionale: Answer C is correct because SOS (Si Opus Sit) means "if necessary" or "if there is need" (often used interchangeably with PRN but SOS usually implies a single dose or short timeframe).
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q41.Question:
How many milligrams (mg) are in 1 gram (g)?
How many milligrams (mg) are in 1 gram (g)?
A. 10 mg
B. 100 mg
C. 1000 mg
D. 10,000 mg
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: ionale: Answer C is correct because the metric prefix "milli" means one-thousandth. Therefore, 1 Gram = 1000 Milligrams.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q42.Question:
A patient is prescribed Heparin 5000 Units SC. The vial is labeled 10,000 Units/ml. How much should the nurse administer?
A patient is prescribed Heparin 5000 Units SC. The vial is labeled 10,000 Units/ml. How much should the nurse administer?
A. 0.25 ml
B. 0.5 ml
C. 1.0 ml
D. 2.0 ml
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct. Formula: (Desired ÷ Hand) × Quantity. Calculation: (5000 ÷ 10000) × 1 ml = 0.5 ml.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q43.Question:
Which drug causes "Gingival Hyperplasia" (gum overgrowth) as a common side effect?
Which drug causes "Gingival Hyperplasia" (gum overgrowth) as a common side effect?
A. Aspirin
B. Phenytoin
C. Paracetamol
D. Ibuprofen
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct because Phenytoin (Dilantin), an anticonvulsant, is well-known to cause gingival hyperplasia in long-term users. Good oral hygiene is essential.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q44.Question:
Which formula is used to calculate the Expected Date of Delivery (EDD) using Naegele’s Rule?
Which formula is used to calculate the Expected Date of Delivery (EDD) using Naegele’s Rule?
A. LMP + 9 months + 7 days
B. LMP - 3 months + 7 days
C. LMP + 7 months + 7 days
D. LMP + 9 months - 7 days
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: ionale: Answer A is correct (which is mathematically equivalent to LMP - 3 months + 7 days + 1 year). The standard application is adding 9 months and 7 days to the first day of the Last Menstrual Period.
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Q45.Question:
"Idiosyncrasy" in pharmacology refers to:
"Idiosyncrasy" in pharmacology refers to:
A. A predictable side effect
B. An abnormal/unpredictable reaction determined genetically
C. An allergic reaction
D. Drug tolerance
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct because an Idiosyncratic reaction is an unexpected, abnormal response to a drug peculiar to an individual, often due to a genetic enzyme deficiency (e.g., G6PD deficiency causing hemolysis).
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Q46.Question:
The maximum volume that can be safely administered via the Deltoid muscle in an adult is:
The maximum volume that can be safely administered via the Deltoid muscle in an adult is:
A. 0.5 ml
B. 1 ml
C. 3 ml
D. 5 ml
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct because the Deltoid is a small muscle. Guidelines generally limit IM injections here to 1 ml (maximum 2 ml in very large adults, but 1 ml is the standard safe limit). Larger volumes require the Gluteal or Vastus Lateralis site.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q47.Question:
Calculate the infusion time for 500 ml of saline running at 125 ml/hr.
Calculate the infusion time for 500 ml of saline running at 125 ml/hr.
A. 2 hours
B. 3 hours
C. 4 hours
D. 5 hours
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: ionale: Answer C is correct. Formula: Total Volume ÷ Rate. Calculation: 500 ÷ 125 = 4 hours.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q48.Question:
Which site is preferred for Intramuscular injection in infants under 1 year of age?
Which site is preferred for Intramuscular injection in infants under 1 year of age?
A. Dorsogluteal
B. Ventrogluteal
C. Deltoid
D. Vastus Lateralis
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: D
Rationale: ionale: Answer D is correct because the Vastus Lateralis (thigh) is the largest and most developed muscle in infants, free of major nerves. Dorsogluteal is dangerous due to the sciatic nerve and undeveloped muscle.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q49.Question:
"Enteric-coated" tablets are designed to dissolve in the:
"Enteric-coated" tablets are designed to dissolve in the:
A. Mouth
B. Stomach
C. Small Intestine
D. Esophagus
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: ionale: Answer C is correct because the coating resists stomach acid, preventing gastric irritation or drug degradation, and dissolves only in the alkaline environment of the small intestine. They should never be crushed.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q50.Question:
A patient is on Warfarin. The nurse advises the patient to maintain a consistent intake of foods high in Vitamin K, such as:
A patient is on Warfarin. The nurse advises the patient to maintain a consistent intake of foods high in Vitamin K, such as:
A. Citrus fruits
B. Green leafy vegetables
C. Red meat
D. Dairy products
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct because Green leafy vegetables (Spinach, Kale) are rich in Vitamin K. Sudden changes in intake (increase or decrease) can alter the INR and Warfarin efficacy, so consistency is key.
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Q51.Question:
When administering ear drops to an adult, the nurse should pull the pinna:
When administering ear drops to an adult, the nurse should pull the pinna:
A. Down and back
B. Up and back
C. Straight back
D. Forward and down
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct because pulling the pinna Up and Back straightens the auditory canal in adults and children over 3 years. For children under 3 years, the pinna is pulled Down and Back (Option A).
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Q52.Question:
A patient is ordered 1000 ml of Normal Saline to infuse over 12 hours using a set with a drop factor of 15 drops/ml. Calculate the drops per minute (gtt/min).
A patient is ordered 1000 ml of Normal Saline to infuse over 12 hours using a set with a drop factor of 15 drops/ml. Calculate the drops per minute (gtt/min).
A. 15 gtt/min
B. 21 gtt/min
C. 31 gtt/min
D. 42 gtt/min
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct. Formula: (1000 ml × 15 gtt/ml) ÷ (12 hr × 60 min). Calculation: 15000 ÷ 720 = 20.83, rounded to 21 gtt/min.
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Q53.Question:
"Pharmacokinetics" involves four processes. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
"Pharmacokinetics" involves four processes. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
A. Absorption
B. Distribution
C. Mechanism of Action
D. Excretion
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: ionale: Answer C is correct because Mechanism of Action (how the drug works at the receptor level) is part of Pharmacodynamics. Pharmacokinetics refers to what the body does to the drug: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME).
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Q54.Question:
Which drug is typically administered via the "Intrathecal" route?
Which drug is typically administered via the "Intrathecal" route?
A. Insulin
B. Spinal Anesthesia
C. Nitroglycerin
D. BCG Vaccine
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct because Intrathecal administration involves injecting the drug into the subarachnoid space (spinal canal) to reach the CSF, commonly used for spinal anesthesia or chemotherapy.
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Q55.Question:
A patient is prescribed 10 units of Regular insulin and 20 units of NPH insulin. What is the total volume in the syringe if using a U-100 syringe (100 units/ml)?
A patient is prescribed 10 units of Regular insulin and 20 units of NPH insulin. What is the total volume in the syringe if using a U-100 syringe (100 units/ml)?
A. 0.1 ml
B. 0.3 ml
C. 1.0 ml
D. 3.0 ml
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct. Total units = 10 + 20 = 30 units. In a U-100 syringe, 100 units = 1 ml. Therefore, 30 units = 0.3 ml.
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Q56.Question:
"Half-life" (t½) of a drug is the time required for:
"Half-life" (t½) of a drug is the time required for:
A. The drug to be completely eliminated
B. The plasma concentration of the drug to decrease by 50%
C. The drug to reach peak effect
D. The absorption to be completed
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct. Half-life is the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body (plasma concentration) to be reduced by half. It determines dosing frequency.
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Q57.Question:
Which of the following is an example of a "Schedule H" drug in India?
Which of the following is an example of a "Schedule H" drug in India?
A. Paracetamol
B. Vitamin C
C. Antibiotics (e.g., Azithromycin)
D. Oral Rehydration Solution
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: ionale: Answer C is correct because Schedule H drugs are prescription drugs that cannot be sold without a valid prescription from a registered medical practitioner. Antibiotics fall under this category to prevent resistance.
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Q58.Question:
To prevent "Lipodystrophy", the nurse should instruct the diabetic patient to:
To prevent "Lipodystrophy", the nurse should instruct the diabetic patient to:
A. Massage the site vigorously after injection
B. Rotate the injection sites
C. Use a longer needle
D. Apply ice packs before injection
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct because Lipodystrophy (lumps or depressions in fat tissue) occurs due to repeated injections in the same spot, affecting insulin absorption. Rotation of sites prevents this.
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Q59.Question:
A "Loading Dose" is given to:
A "Loading Dose" is given to:
A. Maintain a steady state
B. Reach therapeutic levels rapidly
C. Test for allergies
D. Taper off the medication
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct. A higher initial dose (Loading Dose) is given to quickly achieve a therapeutic drug concentration in the bloodstream, followed by lower Maintenance Doses. Common with Digoxin or Phenytoin.
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Q60.Question:
1 ounce (oz) is equivalent to approximately:
1 ounce (oz) is equivalent to approximately:
A. 15 ml
B. 30 ml
C. 60 ml
D. 100 ml
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: ionale: Answer B is correct because 1 fluid ounce is approximately equal to 29.57 ml, which is standardly rounded to 30 ml in nursing calculations.
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Frequently Asked Questions (Drug Calc)
Q1: What is the universal formula for Drug Calculation?
Ans: The basic formula is: (Desired Dose ÷ Amount on Hand) × Vehicle (Quantity) = Amount to Administer. It is often remembered as D/H × Q.
Q2: Which formula is used to calculate IV Drip Rate (Drops per minute)?
Ans: The formula is: (Total Volume in mL × Drop Factor) ÷ Time in Minutes. (Standard Macro drip factor is usually 15 or 20 gtt/mL, Micro is 60 gtt/mL).
Q3: How is Clark's Rule different from Young's Rule for pediatric dosage?
Ans: Clark's Rule is based on the child's Weight (lbs or kg), which is more accurate. Young's Rule is based on the child's Age (in years).
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