OBG Anatomy: Fetal Circulation & Reproductive Cycle Quiz
Understanding the complex physiology of Fetal Circulation and the Menstrual Cycle is crucial for Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBG) Nursing. In today's Daily Mock Test, we simplify these intricate processes.
This quiz covers high-yield questions on the 3 Fetal Shunts (Ductus Venosus, Foramen Ovale, Ductus Arteriosus) and their closure after birth. We also dive deep into the Menstrual Cycle phases (Proliferative, Secretory, Luteal), focusing on hormonal regulation by FSH, LH, Estrogen, and Progesterone. Master these concepts for AIIMS NORCET and NCLEX-RN success.
OBG: Fetal Circulation & Menstrual Cycle
Q1.Which blood vessel carries the highest concentration of oxygenated blood in the fetal circulation?
A. Pulmonary Artery
B. Umbilical Artery
C. Ductus Arteriosus
D. Umbilical Vein
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: D
Rationale: Answer D is correct because the Umbilical Vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus (approx 80% saturation). Option B (Umbilical Arteries) carries deoxygenated blood back to the placenta. Options A and C carry mixed or deoxygenated blood.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q2.The surge of which hormone is the primary trigger for Ovulation?
A. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
B. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
C. Estrogen
D. Progesterone
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct because a sudden spike in Luteinizing Hormone (LH Surge) about 24-36 hours before ovulation causes the rupture of the Graafian follicle and release of the ovum. Option A stimulates follicle growth.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q3.The "Ductus Arteriosus" in fetal circulation connects which two structures?
A. Right Atrium and Left Atrium
B. Pulmonary Artery and Aorta
C. Umbilical Vein and Inferior Vena Cava
D. Hepatic Vein and Portal Vein
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct because the Ductus Arteriosus shunts blood from the Pulmonary Artery directly to the Descending Aorta, bypassing the non-functional fetal lungs. Option A is the Foramen Ovale. Option C is the Ductus Venosus.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q4.The "Proliferative Phase" of the menstrual cycle corresponds to which phase of the ovarian cycle?
A. Luteal Phase
B. Secretory Phase
C. Follicular Phase
D. Menstrual Phase
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Answer C is correct. The Proliferative Phase of the uterine lining (endometrium rebuilding) occurs simultaneously with the Follicular Phase of the ovary (follicle maturation) under the influence of Estrogen. Options A and B occur after ovulation.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q5.In a normal umbilical cord, how many vessels are present?
A. Two arteries and two veins
B. One artery and one vein
C. Two arteries and one vein
D. One artery and two veins
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Answer C is correct because the normal umbilical cord contains two umbilical arteries (carrying deoxygenated blood) and one umbilical vein (carrying oxygenated blood). "AVA" is a common mnemonic.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q6.After birth, the "Ductus Venosus" collapses and becomes the:
A. Ligamentum Arteriosum
B. Ligamentum Venosum
C. Ligamentum Teres
D. Fossa Ovalis
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct because the Ductus Venosus (which shunted blood past the liver) closes and fibroses to become the Ligamentum Venosum. Option A is the remnant of the Ductus Arteriosus. Option C is the remnant of the Umbilical Vein.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q7.The permanent cessation of menstruation is termed as:
A. Menarche
B. Amenorrhea
C. Menopause
D. Dysmenorrhea
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Answer C is correct. Menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation for 12 consecutive months, typically occurring between ages 45-55. Option A (Menarche) is the first menstruation.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q8.In a 28-day menstrual cycle, ovulation typically occurs on:
A. Day 1
B. Day 7
C. Day 14
D. Day 21
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Answer C is correct. Ovulation occurs 14 days before the start of the next period. In a standard 28-day cycle, 28 - 14 = Day 14. If the cycle is 30 days, ovulation is on Day 16.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q9.The "Foramen Ovale" allows blood to flow directly from:
A. Right Ventricle to Left Ventricle
B. Right Atrium to Left Atrium
C. Pulmonary Artery to Aorta
D. Superior Vena Cava to Aorta
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct. The Foramen Ovale is an opening in the interatrial septum that allows oxygenated blood from the IVC to cross from the Right Atrium to the Left Atrium, bypassing the lungs.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q10.Which hormone is responsible for the "thermogenic effect" (rise in basal body temperature) after ovulation?
A. Estrogen
B. LH
C. Progesterone
D. FSH
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Answer C is correct because Progesterone, secreted by the Corpus Luteum, acts on the hypothalamus to raise the basal body temperature by about 0.5°F to 1.0°F during the luteal phase.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q11.Functional closure of the Ductus Arteriosus usually occurs:
A. Immediately after birth
B. Within 1 week
C. Within 1 month
D. Before birth
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: Answer A is correct (specifically 10-15 hours to a few days after birth). The increase in oxygen tension and drop in prostaglandins causes constriction immediately. Anatomical closure (fibrosis) takes 1-3 months.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q12."Mittelschmerz" refers to:
A. Pain during menstruation
B. Pain during intercourse
C. Pain during ovulation
D. Pain during urination
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Answer C is correct. Mittelschmerz (German for "middle pain") is one-sided lower abdominal pain associated with the rupture of the follicle during ovulation. Option A is Dysmenorrhea.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q13.The umbilical arteries originate from which maternal/fetal vessel?
A. Fetal Aorta
B. Internal Iliac Arteries
C. External Iliac Arteries
D. Femoral Arteries
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct because the two Umbilical Arteries branch off from the fetal Internal Iliac (Hypogastric) Arteries to return blood to the placenta.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q14.The "Fern test" is used to assess:
A. Pregnancy
B. Ovulation / Estrogen effect
C. Menopause
D. Cervical Cancer
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct. When cervical mucus dries on a slide, it forms a "fern-like" pattern due to high salt content under the influence of Estrogen (pre-ovulatory). Progesterone (post-ovulatory) prevents ferning.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q15.Which substance keeps the Ductus Arteriosus open during fetal life?
A. Oxygen
B. Prostaglandin E2
C. Indomethacin
D. Bradykinin
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct because high levels of Prostaglandins (produced by the placenta) maintain the patency of the ductus. NSAIDs (like Indomethacin) inhibit prostaglandins and can close it prematurely.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q16.If fertilization does not occur, the Corpus Luteum degenerates into the:
A. Corpus Albicans
B. Corpus Hemorrhagicum
C. Graafian Follicle
D. Primordial Follicle
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: Answer A is correct. Without hCG to sustain it, the Corpus Luteum regresses after about 10-14 days into white scar tissue known as the Corpus Albicans.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q17.The physiological anemia of infancy occurs because fetal hemoglobin (HbF) has a shorter lifespan of:
A. 120 days
B. 100 days
C. 60-80 days
D. 30 days
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Answer C is correct because Fetal RBCs containing HbF are more fragile and have a shorter lifespan (60-80 days) compared to adult RBCs (120 days), leading to physiological anemia/jaundice as they break down.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q18.Which phase of the menstrual cycle is constant in duration (14 days)?
A. Follicular Phase
B. Luteal Phase
C. Menstrual Phase
D. Proliferative Phase
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct. The Luteal (Secretory) phase is consistently 14 days long. The Follicular/Proliferative phase varies in length, which accounts for variations in total cycle length (28 vs 35 days).
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q19.The gelatinous substance that protects the umbilical cord vessels from compression is called:
A. Vernix Caseosa
B. Wharton's Jelly
C. Amniotic Fluid
D. Lanugo
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct because Wharton's Jelly is the mucoid connective tissue surrounding the umbilical vessels, preventing kinking and compression.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q20."Spinnbarkeit" refers to the elasticity of:
A. Vaginal walls
B. Cervical mucus
C. Fallopian tubes
D. Perineum
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct. Spinnbarkeit is the stringy, stretchy quality of cervical mucus right before ovulation (estrogen effect), facilitating sperm transport.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q21.Which drug is administered to a premature infant to facilitate the closure of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)?
A. Prostaglandin E1
B. Indomethacin
C. Digoxin
D. Furosemide
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct because Indomethacin (an NSAID) inhibits prostaglandin synthesis. Since prostaglandins keep the ductus open, inhibiting them promotes closure. Option A keeps it open.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q22.The "Secretory Phase" of the uterine cycle coincides with which phase of the ovarian cycle?
A. Follicular Phase
B. Ovulatory Phase
C. Luteal Phase
D. Menstrual Phase
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Answer C is correct. The Secretory Phase (where the endometrium becomes nutrient-rich) is driven by Progesterone secreted by the Corpus Luteum during the ovarian Luteal Phase.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q23.In fetal circulation, the "Ductus Venosus" shunts oxygenated blood from the Umbilical Vein to the:
A. Superior Vena Cava
B. Inferior Vena Cava
C. Portal Vein
D. Pulmonary Artery
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct because the Ductus Venosus bypasses the fetal liver, carrying oxygen-rich blood from the Umbilical Vein directly into the Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) to reach the heart faster.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q24.The onset of breast development in girls is clinically termed as:
A. Menarche
B. Thelarche
C. Pubarche
D. Adrenarche
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct because Thelarche is the first sign of puberty (breast budding). Pubarche (Option C) is the appearance of pubic hair. Menarche (Option A) is the first period.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q25.Which of the following hormones is secreted by the Hypothalamus to regulate the menstrual cycle?
A. FSH
B. LH
C. GnRH
D. Estrogen
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Answer C is correct because Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) is produced by the Hypothalamus. It stimulates the Pituitary to release FSH and LH (Options A/B). Estrogen is ovarian.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q26.The normal Fetal Heart Rate (FHR) range is:
A. 80 – 120 bpm
B. 100 – 140 bpm
C. 110 – 160 bpm
D. 140 – 180 bpm
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Answer C is correct because the baseline FHR for a term fetus is 110 to 160 beats per minute. Bradycardia is <110 is="" tachycardia="">160.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q27.Which structure is the remnant of the "Foramen Ovale" in the adult heart?
A. Fossa Ovalis
B. Ligamentum Arteriosum
C. Ligamentum Venosum
D. Ligamentum Teres
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: Answer A is correct. After birth, the pressure in the left atrium rises, closing the flap of the Foramen Ovale, leaving a depression called the Fossa Ovalis. Option B is from the Ductus Arteriosus.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q28.During the menstrual cycle, the "LH Surge" is triggered by high levels of:
A. Progesterone
B. Estrogen
C. FSH
D. Inhibin
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct because rapidly rising Estrogen levels (positive feedback) from the dominant follicle signal the pituitary to release a massive burst of LH, causing ovulation.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q29.Blood entering the fetus through the Umbilical Vein has an Oxygen saturation of approximately:
A. 50%
B. 60%
C. 80%
D. 98%
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Answer C is correct because fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen, achieving about 80% saturation. It is never 100% because it mixes with deoxygenated blood along the way.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q30."Dysmenorrhea" is defined as:
A. Absence of menstruation
B. Excessive bleeding during menstruation
C. Painful menstruation
D. Irregular menstruation
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Answer C is correct. Dysmenorrhea refers to painful cramping during menstruation. Menorrhagia (Option B) is heavy bleeding. Amenorrhea (Option A) is absence.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q31.The average blood loss during a normal menstrual cycle is:
A. 10 – 20 ml
B. 35 – 50 ml
C. 100 – 150 ml
D. > 200 ml
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct (typically 30-50 ml). Blood loss >80 ml is considered abnormal (Menorrhagia).
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q32.After birth, the Umbilical Vein becomes the:
A. Ligamentum Venosum
B. Ligamentum Teres (Round Ligament of Liver)
C. Medial Umbilical Ligament
D. Ligamentum Arteriosum
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct because the obliterated Umbilical Vein forms the Ligamentum Teres Hepatis. Option C comes from the Umbilical Arteries.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q33.Which hormone maintains the Corpus Luteum during early pregnancy?
A. LH
B. FSH
C. hCG
D. Prolactin
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Answer C is correct because Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) produced by the developing placenta mimics LH and keeps the Corpus Luteum alive to secrete Progesterone until the placenta takes over.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q34."Cyanosis" at birth that improves with crying suggests a respiratory issue. Cyanosis that worsens with crying typically suggests:
A. Cardiac origin (Shunting)
B. Neurological origin
C. Metabolic origin
D. Normal finding
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: Answer A is correct. In cardiac defects (like Tetralogy of Fallot), crying increases pulmonary resistance, worsening the right-to-left shunt and deepening cyanosis. In respiratory issues, crying expands lungs and improves color.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q35.The "Graafian Follicle" ruptures to release the:
A. Primary Oocyte
B. Secondary Oocyte
C. Oogonium
D. Zygote
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct because at the time of ovulation, the egg is in the Secondary Oocyte stage (arrested in Metaphase II). It completes meiosis only if fertilized.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q36.Which vessel in the fetal heart carries the most deoxygenated blood?
A. Superior Vena Cava
B. Inferior Vena Cava
C. Ascending Aorta
D. Umbilical Vein
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: Answer A is correct because the SVC brings deoxygenated blood from the fetal brain and upper body back to the heart. The IVC (Option B) contains mixed oxygenated blood from the ductus venosus.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q37.A "Regular" menstrual cycle ranging from 21 to 35 days is considered:
A. Normal
B. Polymenorrhea
C. Oligomenorrhea
D. Metrorrhagia
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: Answer A is correct because the standard normal range for cycle length is 21-35 days. Cycles shorter than 21 days are Polymenorrhea. Longer than 35 days are Oligomenorrhea.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q38.What is the primary function of the "Foramen Ovale" in the fetus?
A. Bypass the Liver
B. Bypass the Kidneys
C. Bypass the Lungs
D. Supply the Brain
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Answer C is correct because the lungs are non-functional and fluid-filled. The Foramen Ovale (and Ductus Arteriosus) shunts blood away from the lungs to the systemic circulation.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q39.The hormone "Inhibin" is secreted by the Granulosa cells to suppress the secretion of:
A. LH
B. FSH
C. GnRH
D. Estrogen
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct because Inhibin provides negative feedback specifically to the Anterior Pituitary to inhibit FSH secretion, ensuring only the dominant follicle matures.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q40.Which of the following changes occurs in the fetal circulation immediately after the first breath?
A. Pulmonary Vascular Resistance decreases
B. Systemic Vascular Resistance decreases
C. Foramen Ovale opens wider
D. Ductus Arteriosus dilates
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: Answer A is correct because lung expansion with air and increased oxygen dramatically lowers pulmonary resistance, allowing blood to flow into the lungs instead of shunting.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q41.Which remnant in the adult corresponds to the fetal "Umbilical Arteries"?
A. Ligamentum Teres
B. Medial Umbilical Ligaments
C. Ligamentum Venosum
D. Ligamentum Arteriosum
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct. The distal parts of the Umbilical Arteries atrophy to become the Medial Umbilical Ligaments. The proximal parts remain open as the Superior Vesical Arteries.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q42.The "Luteal Phase" defect is associated with the deficiency of which hormone, leading to infertility or early miscarriage?
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. FSH
D. Prolactin
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct. The Corpus Luteum must secrete enough Progesterone to maintain the endometrium for implantation. If progesterone is low (Luteal Phase Defect), the lining sheds prematurely.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q43.In fetal circulation, the pressure in the Right Atrium is __________ than the pressure in the Left Atrium.
A. Lower
B. Higher
C. Equal
D. Fluctuating
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct. In the fetus, high pulmonary resistance increases Right heart pressure, forcing blood through the Foramen Ovale into the Left Atrium. After birth, this reverses.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q44."Metrorrhagia" refers to:
A. Heavy bleeding at regular intervals
B. Bleeding at irregular intervals between periods
C. Infrequent menstruation (>35 days)
D. Painful menstruation
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct. Metrorrhagia (intermenstrual bleeding) is bleeding that occurs at irregular intervals or between expected menstrual periods. Menorrhagia (Option A) is heavy but regular.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q45.The hormone "Relaxin", which helps soften the cervix and pelvic ligaments, is primarily produced by the:
A. Anterior Pituitary
B. Corpus Luteum
C. Adrenal Gland
D. Thyroid
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct. Relaxin is produced by the Corpus Luteum (and later the placenta) to prepare the body for potential pregnancy and later for labor.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q46.A "Patent Ductus Arteriosus" (PDA) after birth causes a specific type of murmur known as:
A. Pan-systolic murmur
B. Continuous "Machinery" murmur
C. Diastolic rumble
D. Opening Snap
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct. Because aortic pressure is higher than pulmonary pressure in both systole and diastole after birth, blood flows continuously across a PDA, creating a continuous machine-like murmur.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q47.Which layer of the uterus is functionally shed during menstruation?
A. Perimetrium
B. Myometrium
C. Stratum Basalis of Endometrium
D. Stratum Functionalis of Endometrium
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: D
Rationale: Answer D is correct. The Endometrium has two layers: Stratum Basalis (permanent) and Stratum Functionalis. The Functionalis thickens and is shed during menstruation if fertilization does not occur.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q48.The mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the fetus occurs at all the following sites EXCEPT:
A. Liver (Portal Vein/Ductus Venosus junction)
B. Inferior Vena Cava
C. Right Atrium
D. Pulmonary Vein (in fetus)
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: D
Rationale: Answer D is correct. In the fetus, the Pulmonary Veins carry blood returning from the non-functional lungs. While flow is low, it doesn't serve as a major "mixing" point compared to the IVC, RA, or Aorta where shunts actively mix blood streams. The IVC, RA, and liver junction are the classic mixing sites asked in exams.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q49.Which drug inhibits the secretion of Prolactin and can be used to treat amenorrhea caused by Hyperprolactinemia?
A. Bromocriptine
B. Metoclopramide
C. Estrogen
D. Clomiphene
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: Answer A is correct. Bromocriptine is a dopamine agonist that inhibits pituitary prolactin secretion, restoring normal ovulation and menstrual cycles.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q50.The normal thickness of the endometrium immediately after menstruation (Early Proliferative phase) is approximately:
A. 1-2 mm
B. 8-10 mm
C. 12-14 mm
D. 20 mm
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: A
Rationale: Answer A is correct. Just after shedding (Day 5), the endometrium is thin (1-2 mm). It thickens to 8-10 mm by ovulation and up to 14 mm in the luteal phase.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q51.In fetal circulation, the blood with the lowest oxygen saturation is found in the:
A. Umbilical Vein
B. Ductus Venosus
C. Superior Vena Cava / Upper body
D. Aorta
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Answer C is correct. The SVC drains the fetal brain and upper body (which used up the oxygen), so it contains the most desaturated blood returning to the Right Atrium.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q52."Cryptomenorrhea" refers to:
A. Scanty menstruation
B. Hidden menstruation (due to obstruction)
C. Painful menstruation
D. Heavy menstruation
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct. Cryptomenorrhea is a condition where menstruation occurs, but the blood is unable to exit the body due to an obstruction (like an Imperforate Hymen), leading to "hidden" bleeding.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q53.Which estrogen fraction is most predominant during the reproductive years of a female?
A. Estrone (E1)
B. Estradiol (E2)
C. Estriol (E3)
D. Estetrol (E4)
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct. Estradiol (E2) is the most potent and abundant estrogen during the reproductive years. Estriol (E3) is dominant during pregnancy. Estrone (E1) is dominant in menopause.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q54.Prostaglandin inhibitors (NSAIDs) taken during the third trimester of pregnancy can cause:
A. Prolonged labor
B. Premature closure of the Ductus Arteriosus
C. Placenta Previa
D. Neural tube defects
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct. Since prostaglandins maintain ductal patency, taking NSAIDs (like Ibuprofen/Indomethacin) late in pregnancy can cause the ductus to close while the baby is still inside, leading to fetal heart failure.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q55.The "LH / FSH Ratio" is typically altered in which condition, leading to anovulation and irregular cycles?
A. Endometriosis
B. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
C. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
D. Fibroids
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct. In PCOS, the LH levels are often elevated (ratio LH:FSH > 2:1 or 3:1), which disrupts normal ovulation and causes menstrual irregularities.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q56.At birth, the clamping of the umbilical cord leads to a sudden:
A. Decrease in Systemic Vascular Resistance
B. Increase in Systemic Vascular Resistance
C. Increase in Pulmonary Resistance
D. Decrease in Left Atrial Pressure
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct. Removing the low-resistance placental circuit (by clamping the cord) dramatically raises the systemic vascular resistance (afterload), forcing the Left Ventricle to pump harder and increasing Left Atrial pressure.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q57."Menorrhagia" is defined as menstrual bleeding lasting longer than:
A. 3 days
B. 5 days
C. 7 days
D. 10 days
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: C
Rationale: Answer C is correct. Normal menstruation lasts 2-7 days. Bleeding lasting >7 days or >80ml loss is clinically defined as Menorrhagia.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q58.Which fetal vessel carries blood from the Pulmonary Artery to the Aorta?
A. Ductus Venosus
B. Ductus Arteriosus
C. Foramen Ovale
D. Umbilical Artery
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct. The Ductus Arteriosus connects the Pulmonary Artery to the Aorta to bypass the lungs.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q59."Spinelli's Operation" is a surgical procedure related to:
A. Tubal Ligation
B. Correction of Chronic Inversion of Uterus
C. Ovarian Cystectomy
D. Cervical Cerclage
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct. Spinelli's Operation is a vaginal repair for chronic uterine inversion.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
Q60.The primary source of Progesterone before 8-10 weeks of gestation is:
A. Placenta
B. Corpus Luteum
C. Anterior Pituitary
D. Adrenal Cortex
View Answer & Rationale
Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct. The Corpus Luteum supports the pregnancy until the "Luteal-Placental Shift" occurs around 8-10 weeks, after which the Placenta becomes the main source.
Source: www.logyanlo.in
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Frequently Asked Questions (OBG Anatomy)
Q1: What is the function of the Ductus Venosus in fetal circulation?
Ans: The Ductus Venosus shunts oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein directly to the Inferior Vena Cava (IVC), bypassing the fetal liver.
Q2: Which hormone is primarily responsible for Ovulation?
Ans: A sudden surge in Luteinizing Hormone (LH) triggers ovulation (release of the egg) around the 14th day of a 28-day cycle.
Q3: How many vessels does a normal Umbilical Cord contain?
Ans: A normal umbilical cord contains 3 vessels: Two Arteries (carry deoxygenated blood) and One Vein (carries oxygenated blood). Remember: AVA (Artery-Vein-Artery).
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